Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Pellonula: Latin, pellis = skin + Latin, nullus = no one (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 大洋性; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 13°N - 13°S
Africa: lagoons and lower parts of rivers from Liberia to Angola (Ref. 188, 2244, 28136, 81269, 81631), also in Guinea-Bissau (Ref. 3033); however it seems to be absent in the area between Ghana and Niger River Delta (Ref. 2244, 28136), except for Lake Nokoué (Ref. 81269). This species was not observed far upstream rivers (Ref. 2244), although it has been found recently in Léfini River, part of Middle Congo River basin (Ref. 88782). The type locality of the syntypes of the nominal species Pellonula stanleyana, 'Stanley Falls' (Ref. 2263), seems to be an erroneous locality (Ref. 188), and should be 'Cette Cama [= Sette Cama]' in Gabon (Ref. 2244).
非洲: 在河中從賴比瑞亞到安哥拉。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 188)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 15-19; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 16 - 21; 脊椎骨: 42 - 43. Diagnosis: Body moderate or fairly deep, its depth 23-30% of standard length; 1 or more scutes beginning in front of base of first pectoral finray, with 11-16 pre-pelvic and 8-11 post-pelvic scutes, and a total of 20-25 scutes, first pre-pelvic scute always longer and better developed than following scutes lacking ascending arms; lower jaw slightly projecting, teeth at symphysis large in large specimens; pre-maxilla teeth well-developed, fairly straight and outward pointing, an indented toothless gap at centre of jaw; lower gillrakers 24-37, equal to or longer than corresponding gill filaments; silver stripe along flank (Ref. 188, 2244, 81269, 81631). It resembles Pellonula leonensis, which has small and inward-curving teeth and no pre-pectoral scutes (Ref. 188, 81269, 81631). The absence of large canine teeth in the upper jaw distinguishes it from Odaxothrissa (Ref. 188).
身體中等縱深的, 扁長形的。 在峽部的鱗甲 (20 到 25 總數) 開始, 第一個通常長的; 12-16 腹鰭前的; 8-10 postpelvic。 些微地在前面或在後腹鰭的嵌入的第一背鰭鰭條。 胸鰭長度通常超過一半的胸-腹鰭距離。 第一臀鰭鰭條顯著地插在最後背鰭鰭條的水平後面了。 下頜些微突出, 在瘉合處的齒大的較大時魚; 前上顎齒強的, 非常直的, 在頜的中心的一些魚與一個凹入的無齒間隙朝前。 下鰓耙長的。 銀色的斑紋沿著側面。 與 21-26個腹部的脊椎骨; 17-23個尾部的脊椎骨; 10-12 前背骨。 顏色在黃褐色與黃色的灰色之間改變當保存在酒精中時。
Found in rivers and streams (Ref. 188). It forms large schools in lower courses of rivers (Ref. 2244, 43836), and is very abundant in brackish water habitat (Ref. 86940).
出現於河川與溪流。 在下面的範圍方面形成大群魚群。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
非洲: 在河中從賴比瑞亞到安哥拉。
Gourène, G. and G.G. Teugels, 1991. Révision du genre Pellonula des eaux douces africaines (Pisces: Clupeidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 2(3):213-225. (Ref. 2244)
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業
更多資訊
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00433 - 0.01920), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec < 1,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
