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Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers)
裸頰鯛科 (Emperors or scavengers) > Lethrininae
Etymology: Lethrinus: Greek, lethrinia, a fish pertaining to genus Pagellus.
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 15 - 120 m (Ref. 9710). 熱帶; 30°N - 23°S
Indo-Pacific: East Africa to the Society and Tuamoto islands, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to northeastern Australia. The name Lethrinus kallopterus has long been applied to this species. Lethrinus cinnabarinus Richardson also appears to be synonymous with this species.
印度-太平洋: 東非，塞錫爾群島，查哥斯群島與馬爾地夫，到泰國，菲律賓，沖繩，密克羅尼西亞，澳洲東北方，美屬薩摩亞，社會與 Tuamoto 島。 名稱 麗鰭裸頰鯛〔Lethrinus kallopterus〕 長的被適用於這種。 龍占魚科魚類 cinnabarinus 理查森也狀似與這種同種異名。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 25 - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2295); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2295)
背棘 (總數): 10; 背的軟條 (總數): 9; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. The largest species of Lethrinus distinguished by the following characters: body moderately deep, its depth 2.5-2.7 times in standard length (SL); head length 0.9-1 times in body depth, 2.5-2.8 times in SL; dorsal profile near eye nearly straight or slightly convex; snout moderately short, its length about 1.8-2.4 times in HL, measured without the lip the snout is 0.8-1.1 times in cheek height, its dorsal profile distinctly concave in large individuals and nearly straight in smaller individuals, snout angle relative to upper jaw between 55° and 69°; interorbital space convex; posterior nostril an oblong longitudinal opening, closer to orbit than anterior nostril; eye situated close to or far removed from dorsal profile, its length 2.7-5.2 times in HL; cheek moderately high, its height 2-3.4 times in HL; lateral teeth in jaws conical; outer surface of maxilla smooth or with a longitudinal ridge; D X,9 with 4th or 5th dorsal-fin spine the longest, its length 2.5-3.5 times in body depth; A III,8 with the 3rd, 4th or 5th soft ray usually the longest, its length much longer than length of base of soft-rayed portion of anal fin and 0.8-1.1 times in length of entire anal-fin base; pectoral-fin rays 13; pelvic-fin membranes between rays closest to body with or without dense melanophores; cheek without scales; 46-48 lateral-line scales; 4 ½ scale rows between lateral line and base of middle dorsal-fin spines; 15-18 scale rows in transverse series between origin of anal fin and lateral line; usually 15 rows in lower series of scales around caudal peduncle; 5-8 scales in supratemporal patch; inner surface of pectoral-fin base densely covered with scales; posterior angle of operculum fully scaly. Colour of body brown to dark grey, with indistinct scattered small dark and light spots, with irregular light stripes sometimes on lower sides; head brown or grey, often with many small orange spots on cheeks; pectoral and pelvic fins white to orangish, dorsal and anal fins mottled orange and bluish; caudal fin often bright orange (Ref. 114226).
龍占魚科魚類 的最大種. 身體縱深, 鈍的吻部有橘色的斑點, 與成魚 (麥黃色的在印度洋) 的鮮橘色圓形鰭是特殊的.(參考文獻 37816) 尾鰭是只略微分叉，頂端變成圓的當成魚時。 身體是褐色深灰色, 有不明顯的分散小深色的與淡色條紋有時在下側上。 頭部是褐色或者灰色的, 時常在小的成魚中的頰部上有小的橘色斑點。 胸鰭與腹鰭是白色到橘色的。 背鰭與臀鰭是有斑點的橘色而藍色的。 尾鰭時常鮮橘色的, 尤其在亞成魚中。
Occurs in deep lagoons and channels, outer reef slopes and adjacent soft bottom areas (Ref. 30573). Solitary in or near ledges or caves by day (Ref. 9710). Feeds on echinoderms, crustaceans, mollusks (Ref. 171), echinoids, crinoids and starfish (Ref. 37816). May be ciguatoxic in some areas (Ref. 37816). Caught by handline, vertical longline, traps, and trawls. Marketed mostly fresh (Ref. 171, 68703).
出現於深的潟湖與峽道, 外礁斜坡與毗連的軟質底部的區域。 (參考文獻 30573) 獨居在或在岩架或洞穴的附近白天.(參考文獻 9710) 吃棘皮動物，甲殼動物，軟體動物 (參考文獻 171) ，海膽，海百合類動物與海星。 (參考文獻 37816) 在一些地區的可能具有熱帶海魚毒.(參考文獻 37816) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。 (參考文獻 171)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 東非，塞錫爾群島，查哥斯群島與馬爾地夫，到泰國，菲律賓，沖繩，密克羅尼西亞，澳洲東北方，美屬薩摩亞，社會與 Tuamoto 島。 名稱 麗鰭裸頰鯛〔Lethrinus kallopterus〕 長的被適用於這種。 龍占魚科魚類 cinnabarinus 理查森也狀似與這種同種異名。
Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.2 - 28.6, mean 27.5 °C (based on 748 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00957 - 0.02286), b=3.01 (2.89 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.41 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.20).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 33 [24, 44] mg/100g; Iron = 0.756 [0.518, 1.051] mg/100g; Protein = 20 [17, 22] %; Omega3 = 0.124 [0.093, 0.166] g/100g; Selenium = 54.9 [30.5, 81.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.5 [5.7, 130.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.03 [1.58, 2.51] mg/100g (wet weight);
