分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes)
鯰形目 (Catfishes) >
Clariidae (Airbreathing catfishes)
塘蝨魚科 (Airbreathing catfishes)
Etymology: Clarias: Greek, chlaros = lively, in reference to the ability of the fish to live for a long time out of water.
More on author: Weber.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的. 熱帶; 6°N - 30°S
Africa: Zambezi, Kafue and Shire Rivers; Upper Congo system; Lakes Tanganyika, Bangweulu, Kobo, Niumbe, Mweru and Malawi; Chobe, Okavango and Cunene Rivers; Pungwe, Sabi, Lundi Rivers and Zimbabwean tributaries of the Limpopo River; Incomati, Pongolo and Umgeni rivers and Lake Sibaya in Natal and Transvaal tributaries of the Limpopo (Ref. 3820). Also in the middle Congo (Ref. 106245), including the Ubangi (Ref. 248) and several southern tributaries of the Kasai (Ref. 248, 11970) and in the Cuanza in Angola (Ref. 120641).
非洲: 尚比西河， Kafue 與雪利河; 剛果河上游流域; 坦噶尼喀湖， Bangweulu ， Kobo ， Niumbe ， Mweru 與馬拉威; Chobe ，奧塔萬戈河與庫內內河; 林波波河的 Pungwe ， Sabi ， Lundi 河與 Zimbabwean 支流; 在納塔爾的 Incomati ，澎哥洛河與 Umgeni 河與湖 Sibaya。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 52193)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 71-94; 臀鰭軟條: 60 - 89; 脊椎骨: 56 - 61. Diagnosis: Head rectangular in dorsal outline; snout broadly rounded; eyes dorsally located; frontal fontanelle `knife-shaped'; occipital fontanelle very long and oval-shaped; the `dermosphenotic' and supraorbital bones become joined in specimens of 80-90 mm standard length; tooth plates relatively small; dorsal and anal fins not confluent with caudal fins; gill rakers relatively long, slender and distantly set; openings of the secondary sensory canals arranged in regular pattern on the flanks (Ref. 248). Characterised by a relatively small, short head, 4-5 times in standard length, long barbels reaching to behind the head, and an elongated slender body with a long anal fin (Ref. 52193).
頭部矩形的在背部的輪廓中; 吻寬廣地圓的; 眼位於背面。 額骨囪門刀狀的'; 後頭骨囪門非常長而橢圓形的。 那皮蝶骨的' 與上眼窩骨在 80-90 mm SL 的標本中變成合併在一起了。 齒板相當小的。 背鰭與臀鰭不與尾鰭匯合。 鰓耙相當長的, 細長的而且遠遠地豎立。 第二感覺管的開口在側面上排列成普通的型態了。
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Lives in vegetated areas in shallow and swampy places around the lake. Occasionally found in cataracts, hiding under rocks (Ref. 248). The species is omnivorous (Ref. 78218) and feeds on insects (Coleoptera, ants, Chironomid larvae) (Ref. 248 & 5595), plant seeds and other fishes (Ref. 78218).
在湖附近的淺灘與沼澤的地方中生活在有植物生長的區域。 偶然地發現於大瀑布了, 在岩石下面藏。 (參考文獻 248) 大部份捕食昆蟲 (鞘翅目，螞蟻寶刀魚仔魚)(參考文獻 248&5595) 。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
非洲: 尚比西河， Kafue 與雪利河; 剛果河上游流域; 坦噶尼喀湖， Bangweulu ， Kobo ， Niumbe ， Mweru 與馬拉威; Chobe ，奧塔萬戈河與庫內內河; 林波波河的 Pungwe ， Sabi ， Lundi 河與 Zimbabwean 支流; 在納塔爾的 Incomati ，澎哥洛河與 Umgeni 河與湖 Sibaya。
Teugels, G.G., 1986. A systematic revision of the African species of the genus Clarias (Pisces; Clariidae). Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 247:199 p. (Ref. 248)
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00556 - 0.01882), b=3.03 (2.87 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.52 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
