Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin; eau douce; saumâtre démersal; anadrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 10 - 40 m (Ref. 93286). Temperate; 46°N - 37°N, 10°E - 20°E
Europe: Adriatic Sea and its tributaries between Po (Italy) and Buna (Albania) drainages. Recorded from Corfu; present in lowermost part of Adriatic rivers from Soca to Drin. Records from Tyrrhenian slope of Italy, Spain and France are erroneous.
Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 3397); poids max. publié: 25.0 kg (Ref. 3193)
Description synthétique
Morphologie | Morphométrie
Épines dorsales (Total): 0; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total): 36-48; Rayons mous anaux: 24 - 31. Snout moderate, very broad and rounded at tip. Lower lip continuous, interrupted at center. Barbels nearer to tip of snout than to mouth and not touching it. Five rows of scutes, dorsal 10-14 (the middle ones deeper and usually larger than those at front), lateral 32-42 on each side, ventral 8-11 on each side, with no smaller plates between dorsal and lateral rows. Back is olivaceous brown, flanks lighter, belly white.
Occurs in the sea close to shore and estuaries, not entering pure marine waters. In freshwater, it inhabits large deep rivers (Ref. 59043). A long-lived species which is found mainly over sand and mud. Feeds on bottom-living invertebrates and small fishes. Reproduction takes place from May to July. Is threatened by habitat destruction, pollution and overfishing (Ref. 26100). The flesh is used for food (Ref. 6866) and eggs used for caviar production (Ref. 128183).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Enters rivers from March to May, and presumably spawns then.
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: commercial
Plus d'informations
RéférencesAquacultureProfil d'aquacultureSouchesGénétiqueElectrophoresesHéritabilitéPathologiesTraitementNutrientsMass conversion
CollaborateursImagesStamps, Coins Misc.SonsCiguateraVitesseType de nageSurface branchialeOtolithesCerveauxVision
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Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.7 - 18.2, mean 17.4 °C (based on 12 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00324 (0.00142 - 0.00736), b=3.17 (2.99 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Très faible, temps minimum de doublement de population supérieur à 14 ans (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16.9 [10.0, 29.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.256 [0.156, 0.410] mg/100g; Protein = 17.5 [14.9, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.33 [0.18, 0.59] g/100g; Selenium = 18.3 [9.3, 35.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.4 [2.3, 17.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.53 [0.38, 0.73] mg/100g (wet weight);
