分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Chondrostei >
Acipenseriformes (Sturgeons and paddlefishes) >
Acipenseridae (Sturgeons) > Acipenserinae
Etymology: Acipenser: Latin, acipenser = sturgeon, 1853 (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 30 - 60 m (Ref. 3397). 温带; 10°C - 20°C (Ref. 2059); 57°N - 36°N, 14°E - 53°E
Europe: Black, Azov, Caspian and Aral Sea, ascending some rivers (Danube up to Bratislava, Volga up to Kazan, Ural up to Chkalov), unknown or very rare in others. On the verge of extinction in its natural range.
Extirpated in Aral basin; nearly extirpated in Black Sea basin; only occasional records from Danube and lower Volga; only a very small population remaining in Rivers Ural (Russia, Kazakhstan) and Rioni (Georgia); no natural spawning population in Iran; established in Lake Balkhash where it forms a large population (Ref. 59043). Artificially propagated (Ref. 6866).
欧洲与前苏联: 里海的与咸海, 在黑海与亚速海中非常稀少。 人工地繁殖; 灭绝的在咸海.(参考文献 6866) 国际间的买卖限制 ( CITES2, 自从 1.4.98 以后; CMS 附录 2).
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 211 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 98365); common length : 132 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大体重: 80.0 kg (Ref. 52332)
简单描述
型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 45-57; 臀鳍软条: 23 - 37. Snout moderately long and pointed at tip. Lower lip continuous, not interrupted at centre. Barbels halfway between tip of snout and mouth, reaching the latter. Five rows of scutes, dorsal 11-17, lateral 49-70, but usually 55-56 on each side, ventral 10-16, with no smaller plates between dorsal and ventral rows. Color of back grey, flanks lighter, belly white.
吻中等长度而顶端尖的。 下唇连续, 不在中心中断。 触须在吻尖与被达到后者的嘴之间的中点。 五个列的鳞甲, 背部的 11-17, 侧面的 49-70, 但是通常 55-56 在两边 , 腹面 10-16 上, 没有在背部与腹的列之间的小板。 背面的颜色灰色的，侧面颜色较淡，和腹部白色的。
Adults occur in the sea close to shores and estuaries and in deep stretches of large rivers over muddy substrate. Are usually solitary. Juveniles live in shallow riverine habitats (Ref. 59043). Feed on mollusks, amphipods and chironomid larvae. Spawning takes place in strong-current habitats in main course of large and deep rivers on stone or gravel bottom (Ref. 59043) from end of April to June (end of May in Rioni River, Black Sea) (Ref. 3193).
发现在泥上了与通常独居性的。 吃软件动物，片脚类动物与宝刀鱼仔鱼。 从四月底到六月 (五月底在 Rioni 河, 黑海) 产卵。 (参考文献 3193)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Most juveniles move to sea in their first summer and remain there until they reach maturity. Others remain for a longer period. In autumn, individuals migrate to the rivers and remain there until the following spring to spawn (Ref. 59043). Females reproduce every 2-3 and males every 1-2 years (Ref. 59043).欧洲与前苏联: 里海的与咸海, 在黑海与亚速海中非常稀少。 人工地繁殖; 灭绝的在咸海.(参考文献 6866) 国际间的买卖限制 ( CITES2, 自从 1.4.98 以后; CMS 附录 2).
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
极度濒危 (CR) (A2cde); Date assessed: 14 September 2019
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性
更多信息
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.7 - 11.1, mean 10.4 °C (based on 9 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00355 - 0.00933), b=3.18 (3.05 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.04-0.12; tmax=30; Fec=165,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
