Gymnura micrura, Smooth butterfly ray : fisheries

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Gymnura micrura (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)

Smooth butterfly ray
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Gymnura micrura   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Gymnura micrura (Smooth butterfly ray)
Gymnura micrura
Female picture by JAMARC

klasifikasi / Names Nama-nama umum | Sinonim (persamaan) | Catalog of Fishes(Marga, Jenis) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Ikan bertulang rawan (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

laut; payau dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman ? - 55 m (Ref. 27549). Deep-water

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Southwestern Atlantic: Venezuela, including Trinidad and Tobago, to Brazil (Rio de Janeiro).

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: Lm 35.0, range 34 - 50 cm
Max length : 137 cm WD jantan/; (Ref. 4439); common length : 90.0 cm WD jantan/; (Ref. 5217); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 0.00 g

deskripsi pendek Morfologi | Morfometrik

Broad, diamond-shaped ray with a very short tail lacking a dorsal spine (Ref. 26938). Snout protruding. Front edges of disk concave. Tail with low dorsal and ventral finfolds and 3 - 4 dark crossbars (Ref. 7251). Upper surface gray, brown, light green or purple with round spots. Lower surface white (Ref. 6902).

Biologi     Daftar kata (contoh epibenthic)

Prefers neritic waters of the continental shelf and usually found on soft bottoms. May enter brackish estuaries or hyper-saline lagoons (Ref. 5217). Feeds on fish and shrimps (Ref. 28587); other crustaceans and clams (Ref. 27549). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Generally marketed salted (Ref. 5217).

Life cycle and mating behavior Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator : McEachran, John | mitra

Yokota, L. and M.R. de Carvalho, 2017. Taxonomic and morphological revision of butterfly rays of Gymnura micrura (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) species complex, with the description of two new species (Myliobatiformes: Gymnuridae). Zootaxa 4332(1):1-74. (Ref. 116399)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)

  hampir terancam (NT) (A2d); Date assessed: 19 September 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

ancaman kepada manusia

  Harmless





penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

informasi lanjut

Nama-nama umum
Sinonim (persamaan)
metabolisme
Pemangsa
Ekotoksikologi
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Kematangan
Pemijahan
Spawning aggregation
Fecundity
telur-telur
pekembangan telor
Umur / Saiz
Pertumbuhan
panjang-berat
panjang-panjang
ukuran frekuensi
Morfometrik
Morfologi
Larva
Dinamika larva
pemulihan
Kelimpahan
BRUVS
Acuan
Budidaya air
profil budidaya air
Strain
Genetika
Electrophoreses
Diturunkan
Penyakit-penyakit
Pengolahan
Nutrients
Mass conversion
mitra
Gambar
Stamps, Coins Misc.
Suara-suara
Ciguatera
Kecepatan
Tipe renang
Area insang
Otoliths
Otak
Penglihatan / visi

Alat, peralatan

laporan khas

muat turun XML

Sumber internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | semak peneliti ikan | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Marga, Jenis | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genom, Nukleotida | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | OceanAdapt | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: pergi, Cari | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 21.8 - 27.9, mean 25 °C (based on 544 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00513 (0.00312 - 0.00843), b=3.10 (2.95 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.6   ±0.53 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref. 120179):  sangat rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum lebih dari 14 tahun (Fec=3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
kategori harga (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 7.1 [1.0, 38.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.314 [0.067, 0.935] mg/100g; Protein = 21.9 [18.4, 24.9] %; Omega3 = 0.234 [0.058, 0.711] g/100g; Selenium = 8.65 [2.29, 27.32] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.06 [1.19, 29.85] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.395 [0.196, 0.738] mg/100g (wet weight);