Classification / Names Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes(Genere, Specie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Salmoniformes (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Coregoninae
Etymology: Coregonus: Greek, kore = pupils of the eye + Greek, gonia = angle (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Pallas.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marino; acqua dolce; salmastro; anadromo (Ref. 51243). Polar; 84°N - 49°N, 8°W - 95°W

Distribuzione Stati | Aree FAO | Ecosystems | Presenze | Point map | Introduzioni | Faunafri

Europe: All drainages (except Ob and Baikal) of Arctic Ocean in Eurasia from Mezen eastward. North America: Cape Barrow to Coronation Bay. Introduced in many localities of former USSR, but not established (Ref. 59043).

Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 65.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 59043); common length : 47.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 12193); Età massima riportata: 12 anni (Ref. 59043)

Short description Morfologia | Morfometria

Spine dorsali (totale): 0; Raggi dorsali molli (totale): 10-12; Spine anali 0; Raggi anali molli: 12 - 14; Vertebre: 64 - 67. Distinguished by the pale or colorless pelvic fins, a terminal mouth and the presence of 41 to 48 gill rakers on the 1st gill arch (Ref. 27547). Dorsal fairly high and slightly falcate; pelvic with axillary process (Ref. 27547). Brown to dark greenish above fading to silvery on sides and belly; fins pale (Ref. 27547).

Occurs in brackish waters (20-22 ppt) of coastal lagoons and mouths of rivers and bays (Ref. 4779). Mostly in larger lowland rivers (Ref. 59043). Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on small crustaceans, insects, small fishes (Ref. 28219, 28857), worms and clams (Ref. 58426). At sea, feeds on larger crustaceans and small fish (Ref. 59043). No feeding occurs during the upstream migration (Ref. 4779). Lives 10 -12 years, rarely up to 20 (Ref. 59043). Enters rivers in shoals to spawn (Ref. 4779). Spends 6-8 years at sea before maturing and returning to rivers in June - July, to spawn in September - October of same year. A second run in autumn; those fishes remain a year in rivers before spawning. Moves far upstream, sometimes our to 1500 km. Spawns in shallow tributaries with some current in well oxygenated water over gravel bottom. Individual females do not spawn every year; spawns only 2-3 times during entire life. After spawning adults return directly to sea. Embryonic development lasts up to 7 months. Alevins migrate downstream in May - June (Ref. 59043). Collected by fyke nets (Ref. 4526). An important commercial species, but catches and abundance markedly reduced in last years (Ref. 59043).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve

Mature adults migrate upstream in the summer and may cover as much as 1,000 km (Ref. 28219) to spawn over gravel in fairly swift water. After spawning, adults return downstream. Young probably hatch in the spring and descend rivers into estuaries (Ref. 27547). Coregonus autumnalis do not breed yearly (Ref. 28219, 28220).

Main reference Upload your references | Bibliografia | Coordinatore | Collaboratori

Wheeler, A., 1992. A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 41(suppl.A):1-37. (Ref. 5204)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Pesca: commerciale

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): -1.7 - 3.4, mean -0.4 °C (based on 988 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00468 (0.00405 - 0.00540), b=3.22 (3.18 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.7 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.

Resilienza (Ref. 120179): Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (tm=6; Fec=2,000).

Prior r = 0.40, 95% CL = 0.26 - 0.60, Based on 1 stock assessment.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 16.1 [7.0, 29.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.468 [0.222, 0.892] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [17.2, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.693 [0.272, 1.906] g/100g; Selenium = 11.8 [4.4, 30.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.52 [1.07, 40.50] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.432 [0.329, 0.617] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

Coregonus autumnalis (Pallas, 1776)