分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 居于水底的. 北方生物帶; 4°C - 14°C (Ref. 2059); 72°N - 55°N
North America: Alaska from Colville River delta south to central Alaska Peninsula near Chignik; upstream in Yukon-Tanana drainage to near Fairbanks. Also Bering Sea islands and northeastern Siberia, Russia.
北美洲: 來自 Colville 河三角州的阿拉斯加州南至在 Chignik 附近的中央的阿拉斯加州半島; 向上游在育空-Tanana 的流域到近的費班克。 也白令海島與東北方的西伯利亞，俄國。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 10.8 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大体重: 366.00 g (Ref. 28675); 最大年龄: 8 年 (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 10-14; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 12 - 16; 脊椎骨: 40 - 42. Identified by its short, flattened snout, the rearward location of the dorsal and anal fins, the presence of about 33 rays in the pectorals, and the presence of a pelvic fin that has only 3 rays (Ref. 27547). Gill rakers short; lateral line with minute pores: 76 to 100 scales in midlateral series (Ref. 27547). Dorsal located far back on body; anal more or less under dorsal; edge of pectorals rounded; pelvic fins very small and located just before anus; caudal broad and rounded (Ref. 27547). Dark green or brown above and on upper sides, pale below with dark speckles; four to six irregular dark bars or blotches on sides; fins have dark brownish specklings; dorsal, anal and caudal fins with pale margin, which are pink to red in spawning adults (Ref. 27547).
鉴定特徵为它的短，平的吻，背鳍与臀鳍的位置向后了, 那有在胸鳍中的大约 33个鳍条, 与那有只有 3个鳍条的一个腹鳍.(参考文献 27547) 鳃耙短; 侧线有细小的孔: 在侧面中央的系列中的 76 到 100个鳞片.(参考文献 27547) 背部的设置相距遥远地在身体上; 肛门的约略在背部的下面; 胸鳍的边缘圆的; 腹鳍非常小的而且位于正好在肛门前; 尾部的宽而且圆的.(参考文献 27547) 深绿色或上方褐色的与在上侧面上, 腹面灰白的有深色的小斑点; 在侧边上的四到六条不规则的深色横带或斑块; 鳍有深褐色的斑点; 背鳍、臀鳍与尾鳍有灰白的边缘, 那是粉红色到红色在产卵期的成鱼中.(参考文献 27547)
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Usually found in heavily vegetated swamps and ponds; occasionally in medium to large rivers and lakes with abundant vegetation (Ref. 5723). Migrations appear to be limited to inshore or upstream movements to spawning grounds in the spring and (presumably) reverse migrations to deeper water in the fall (Ref. 27547). Oviparous, batch spawner (Ref. 205). Known for their tolerance to cold water: survives exposures to -20°C for up to 40 minutes, and can survive for a few days after complete freezing of parts of the body, even the head (Ref. 28673, 28674). Uses its esophagus as auxiliary breathing organ (Ref. 27797).
通常发现于长满植物的沼泽与池塘; 偶见于中型到大型河川，而且湖有丰富的植物。 (参考文献 5723) 回游状似在春天与 (可能) 相反回游到较深的水域仅限于对产卵场的近海或向上游的运动秋天时。 (参考文献 27547) 卵生的，分批产卵者.(参考文献 205) 以他们的容忍寒冷的水闻名: 平安渡过暴露到 20 °C 超过 40 细小的, 而且能存活数天在身体的部份的完全凝固之后, 甚至头部.(参考文献 28673,28674) 以它的食道作为辅助呼吸器官。 (参考文献 27797)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Upstream movement appears to coincide with a rise of water temperature to 10° to 15°C (Ref. 3829). Females normally contain two sets of eggs, the smaller group presumably being the set which will be spawned the following year. Females deposit 40 to 300 eggs, the number increasing with size. A female probably spawns over a period of several days, possibly longer, with only a few eggs being extruded at each spawning act. (Ref. 27547).北美洲: 來自 Colville 河三角州的阿拉斯加州南至在 Chignik 附近的中央的阿拉斯加州半島; 向上游在育空-Tanana 的流域到近的費班克。 也白令海島與東北方的西伯利亞，俄國。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
人类利用
渔业: 自给性渔业; 水族馆: 商业性
更多信息
参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
工具
特别资料
下载 XML
网络资源
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6329 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00410 - 0.01937), b=3.09 (2.89 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2-3; tmax=8; Fec=40-300).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
