分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Esociformes (Pikes and mudminnows)
狗魚目 (Pikes and mudminnows) >
Esocidae (Pikes)
狗魚科 (Pikes)
Etymology: Esox: From Greek, isox and also related with the Celtic root, eog, ehawc = salmon (Ref. 45335); americanus: americanus meaning of America (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Gmelin.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; pH range: ? - 10.1; 非遷移的. 亞熱帶的; ? - 26°C (Ref. 39090); 50°N - 26°N
North America: Atlantic Slope drainages from St. Lawrence River drainage in Quebec, Canada to southern Florida, USA; Gulf Slope drainages east to Brazos River, Texas, USA; Mississippi River and Great Lakes basins north to Nebraska, Wisconsin, Mississippi in USA and southern Ontario in Canada. Two subspecies were previously recognized: Esox americanus americanus in Atlantic Slope drainages to southern Georgia; and Esox americanus vermiculatus in rest of range.
北美洲: 從在加拿大魁北克的聖勞倫斯河流域到喬治亞州南部在美國的大西洋斜坡流域; 從在密西西比的巴斯卡古拉河到美國的佛羅里達的海灣斜坡流域。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 39.4 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 最大體重: 1.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 13-21; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 13 - 18; 脊椎骨: 42 - 51. Body robust, long, cylindrical, cross-section almost circular with flattened to slightly concave dorsal surface. Head large, flat, naked on top. Snout short, broad spatulate, dorsal surface between raised orbits and tip of snout slightly convex. Mouth large, horizontal, reaching at least to middle of pupil or suborbital bar. Teeth moderately large, those in front of upper jaw and several along each side of ramus a little enlarged; cheek and opercle fully scaled. Gill rakers are reduced to patches of sharp denticles. Branchiostegal rays: 19-31. Cardioid scales between pelvic fins 6-32, intergrades 0-26; notched scales in a line between dorsal and anal fin origins 7-25, intergrades 1-22. Submandibular pores 3:2 to 6:5, usually 4:4.
Pigmentation: Olivaceous to black above; belly pale amber to white, sometimes mottled wit dark; mid-dorsal band from nape to dorsal fin origin inconspicuous and pale. Sides with 20-36 olive to black wavy vertical bars separated by paler extensions of what had been lateral band in young, pale area between adjacent bars narrower. Suborbital and preorbital black bars pronounced, suborbital curved back ventrally, postorbital horizontal; lateral edges of jaws heavily pigmented. Pupil yellow to yellow green, iris gold. Dorsal fin darkly pigmented, others orange to red.
身體結實的﹐長的﹐和圓筒形的, 橫切面幾乎圓形具有平的到些微地凹的背面。 頭部大的﹐平坦的﹐和裸露的在頂端上。 吻短, 寬的竹片狀的, 在凸起的眼窩與吻尖之間的背面些微中凸。 嘴大的﹐水平的, 至少到瞳孔或眶下骨橫帶的中央。 齒普通大的, 上頜的那些在前面與一些沿著稍微被增大的分支的兩邊; 頰與鰓蓋完全覆蓋著鱗片。 鰓耙被縮小成銳利細齒的區塊。 鰓條骨: 19-31. 在腹鰭 6-32 之間的心形鱗片,逐漸合一 0-26; 有凹槽的鱗片排成一列在背部的與臀鰭起源 7-25 之間, 逐漸合一 1-22. 子顎骨孔 3:2 到 6:5, 通常 4:4.
顏色： 橄欖色的到黑色的上方; 腹面灰白的琥珀色的到白色, 有時有斑點的機智深色的; 從後頸到背鰭起點的背部中央條紋不明顯而灰白的。 具有 20-36個橄欖色到黑色的波浪狀的縱帶側邊藉著已經是側面的條紋當幼魚時的東西的較灰白延長分開, 在毗連的橫帶之間的灰白區域比較狹窄的。 眶下骨與眶前骨黑色橫帶明顯的, 眶下的彎曲背面腹地, 眼眶後的水平; 顎的側面邊緣顏色深的。 瞳孔黃色到黃色的綠色，虹膜黃金。 背鰭暗有顏色, 其它橘色的對紅色。
Live in lakes, swamps, and backwaters, and sluggish pools of streams. Usually occur among vegetation in clear water (Ref. 86798). Also found in brush piles, overhanging brush or rocks and boulders in areas lacking vegetation. Rarely occur in rivers (Ref. 4639). In winter, they are found associated with dead leaf litter (Ref. 39089). Juveniles are found in flood pools and rivulets among exposed roots, twigs, leaves, and grass in 7.6-10.2 cm of water (Ref. 39088). Larvae are sometimes found in very shallow water in roadside ditches, also in dead leaf litter (Ref. 39089). Oviparous (Ref. 205).
生活於湖，沼澤與洄水區 , 與溪流的滯水潭。 通常在清澈的水域中的植物之中出現。 (參考文獻 5723) 在區域中也發現於灌木堆，上懸的灌木或岩石與大圓石缺乏植物。 很少出現在河。 (參考文獻 4639) 冬天時，他們被發現伴隨著枯枝落葉層。 (參考文獻 39089) 稚魚在水的 7.6-10.2 公分中被發現於在裸露的根，小枝，樹葉與草之中的洪水水池與小河。 (參考文獻 39088) 仔魚有時在路傍溝渠中被發現於很淺的水域, 也在枯枝落葉層中.(參考文獻 39089)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawning takes place in flood plains, grassy banks, sloughs, ditches and overflow ponds in areas of heavy vegetation, sometimes in water less than 30.5 cm deep (Ref. 39088).北美洲: 從在加拿大魁北克的聖勞倫斯河流域到喬治亞州南部在美國的大西洋斜坡流域; 從在密西西比的巴斯卡古拉河到美國的佛羅里達的海灣斜坡流域。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 December 2011
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
更多資訊
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5157 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00281 - 0.00815), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.56 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=8; Fec = 186).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
