分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Aulopiformes (Grinners)
仙女魚目 (Grinners) >
Synodontidae (Lizardfishes)
合齒魚科 (Lizardfishes) > Synodontinae
Etymology: Synodus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 0 - 200 m (Ref. 9710). 熱帶; 25°C - 35°C (Ref. 39158); 43°N - 29°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil.
西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與墨西哥灣北部到巴西。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 19.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 53.8 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 102462); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 900.00 g (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 10-13; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 11 - 13; 脊椎骨: 56 - 62. Body elongate, cylindrical; head depressed, broader than deep, slightly rugose above, interorbital space concave; snout triangular, pointed, projecting beyond tip of mandible, typically longer than diameter of eye in specimens larger than 20.0 cm SL; 6-7 oblique rows of scales present on cheeks; top of head naked. Mouth very large, gape extends well past eye; upper jaw projects slightly, premaxillaries form entire margin of upper jaw; large, sharp depressible teeth present on upper jaw, tongue and lower pharyngeals. Scales small (except for patch of large elongate scales present below pectoral base and above pelvic base), lateral line well marked, not keeled. Dorsal fin origin equidistant form center of eye and adipose fin, anterior rays not reaching past tips of posterior rays with fin depressed; anal fin base longer than or equal to dorsal base, origin equidistant form end of dorsal base and base of caudal rays; caudal fin not or barely reaching origin of pelvic fin; pelvic fins inserted closer to vent than to snout tip; inner ray of pelvic much longer than outer ray (Ref. 13608); adipose fin base no longer than diameter of pupil. Anterior nares with prominent dermal flap. Gill rakers rudimentary. Branchiostegals: 12-16 (Ref. 4639).
Pigmentation: Color variable with both locality and immediate background; dorsum brownish or olivaceous and with overall greenish cast; mid-lateral line with about 8 obscure blotches, variable in occurrence and intensity, fading wit growth; head brownish with light vermiculations on top and sides, pale yellow below; belly white, silvery white, or yellowish, sometimes with brownish punctuations; pectorals dusky, yellowish, or light green; adipose with dark spot posteriorly.
細長的身體, 圓筒形的; 扁平的頭部, 較寬的超過深的, 些微多皺紋在上面，眼間隔凹曲; 吻三角形的﹐尖的﹐和突出的超過下顎的頂端, 在標本大於 20.0 公分 SL 中的眼的典型長度超過直徑; 6-7 列斜的鱗片位於頰之上; 頭頂裸露的。 嘴非常大的, 口裂延伸越過眼; 上頜些微地突出, 前上頜骨形成上頜的整個邊緣; 大的, 銳利的可抑壓的齒位於上頜，舌與低的咽骨之上。 鱗片小的 (除了在胸鰭基底之下在場的大細長的鱗片小區塊而且在腹鰭基底之上), 側線顯著, 不龍骨。 眼與脂鰭的背鰭起點距離相等形式中心, 前面的鰭條不用鰭延伸到在後部鰭條的頂端扁平的; 臀鰭基底長度超過或等於背鰭基底, 起源背鰭基底與尾部鰭條的基底的距離相等形式末端; 尾鰭不或幾乎達成腹鰭的起源; 腹鰭插入了更靠近排洩孔超過對吻頂端; 腹鰭遠長過外部的鰭條內部鰭條;(參考文獻 13608) 脂鰭基底不再超過瞳孔直徑。 前鼻孔有突出的皮蓋。 鰓耙不發達的。 鰓蓋條: 12-16.(參考文獻 4639)
顏色： 顏色隨著地點與立即的背景變化; 背面褐色或橄欖色的與具有整體的呈綠色的外貌; 側面中央的線有大約 8個暗的斑塊, 可變的在發生與強烈中，褪色知道成長; 頭部褐色的在頂端與側邊上有淡色的蠕蟲爬跡形的裝飾, 白黃色的在;之下 腹部白色的﹐銀白色﹐或淡黃色的, 有時有褐色的標點; 胸鰭暗色的﹐淡黃色的﹐或淡綠色的; 脂肪在後部地有深色的斑點。
Adults are found on both shallow and deep sand flats among grass (Ref. 12342, 39154, 39155), inshore in saltwater creeks, rivers, bays, sounds (Ref. 39156), and deep channels within lagoons (Ref. 39155). Probably more dense over mud than shell or calcareous bottom (Ref. 39157). Also found in open ocean over continental shelf (Ref. 4639). A solitary (Ref. 26340) voracious predator that lurks in shallow bays and shore waters; burrows in bottom sediments. Juveniles are pelagic, and readily collected from open ocean, usually near land in vicinity of or in shallow water (Ref. 4639). Mostly piscivorous, also includes shrimps, crabs and cephalopodes (Ref. 93252). Oviparous, newly hatched larvae are found near the surface at depths from 27 to 46 m (Ref. 39159). Salinity range 4.0-60.0 ppt (may include juveniles), more abundant above 10.0 ppt and 30.0 ppt (Ref. 39158, 39162, 39050). Commonly caught by anglers but considered a nuisance.
成魚棲息於在草 (參考文獻 12342,39154,39155) 之中的淺或深的沙地淺灘, 沿海地區在鹽水的小溪，河，海灣，聲音 (參考文獻 39156) 中, 且深潟湖裡面的峽道.(參考文獻 39155) 超過貝殼或石灰質的底部可能更密集的泥之上.(參考文獻 39157) 也發現於在大陸棚上的開放性海域。 (參考文獻 4639) 在淺灣與海岸水域中潛藏的一種獨居性 (參考文獻 26340) 狼吞虎嚥的掠食者; 在底部沉澱物中掘穴。 稚魚是大洋性的, 而且輕易地採集自開放性海域, 通常在鄰近區域中的土地附近或在淺水區中.(參考文獻 4639) 卵生的, 最近孵化了仔魚被發現接近水表面在深度從 27 到 46 公尺.(參考文獻 39159) 鹽度排列 4.0-60.0個 ppt(可能包括稚魚) ，比較豐富的上方 10.0個 ppt 與 30.0個 ppt 。 (參考文獻 39158,39162,39050) 經常被釣客捕獲但是被認為是一個討厭的東西。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與墨西哥灣北部到巴西。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 游釣魚種: 是的
更多資訊
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.9 - 27.5, mean 24.8 °C (based on 317 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00427 (0.00354 - 0.00514), b=3.16 (3.11 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 36 [12, 71] mg/100g; Iron = 0.426 [0.147, 0.932] mg/100g; Protein = 16.2 [13.3, 18.5] %; Omega3 = 0.0722 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 41.4 [15.3, 89.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 88.1 [23.2, 337.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.882 [0.514, 1.339] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
