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> Ophidiiformes (Cusk eels) > Bythitidae (Livebearing brotulas)
Etymology: Grammonus: Greek, gramma = signal, mark + Greek, onos = hake.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina revassocierade; djupintervall 6 - 18 m (Ref. 36488). Subtropical

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Eastern Pacific: San Clemente Island in south California, USA to Panama and the Galapagos Islands.

Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.3 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 4930)

Short description Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 0; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 95-115; Taggstrålar i analfenan 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 75 - 91; Ryggkotor: 60 - 63. Branchiostegal rays: 8 (Ref. 36488).

Uncommon species (Ref. 34024). Inhabits rocky areas of shallow waters (Ref. 2850). Hides in dark caverns and crevices during the day, active at night (Ref. 2850). Gives birth to live young (Ref. 28023).

Life cycle and mating behavior Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver

Ovoviviparous (Ref. 36488).

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins, 1999. Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 29 April 2008

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fiskeri: saknar intresse

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

Ytterligare information

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 21.3 - 29.1, mean 26.7 °C (based on 204 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00179 - 0.01169), b=3.10 (2.87 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items.

Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 52.9 [24.3, 133.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.662 [0.352, 1.248] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [15, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.163 [0.086, 0.306] g/100g; Selenium = 12 [5, 30] μg/100g; VitaminA = 67.1 [20.4, 228.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.994 [0.611, 1.562] mg/100g (wet weight);

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Grammonus diagrammus (Heller & Snodgrass, 1903)