分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 50 - 854 m (Ref. 52581). 溫帶; 28°S - 50°S, 180°W - 180°E
Circumglobal in southern waters: (Ref. 7300): South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Kermadec I., Desventuradas Is., Juan Fernandez Is., Chile, north to southern Brazil, Tristan da Cunha.
環球分佈於南方的水域.(參考文獻 7300) 已知來自澳洲，紐西蘭 , 胡安 Fernandez 列島外海的智利 , 與大西洋南方部的崔斯坦火山群了; 附隨地捕捉了外海的智利巴塔哥尼亞。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 88.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 160 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 89467); common length : 100.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9258); 最大體重: 100.0 kg (Ref. 4537); 最大年齡: 60 年 (Ref. 41439)
背棘 (總數): 9 - 12; 背的軟條 (總數): 12; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 7 - 9
A deepwater species, occurs in seamounts (Ref. 89357). Adults occur generally over rough ground from the central shelf (about 100 m) to the shelf edge and down to the upper slope. Juveniles are found in surface waters, perhaps school in association with drifting weed. Feed on barracouta and pilchards, in addition to various bottom-dwelling fish. Are primary gonochorists (Ref. 58421). Preyed upon by sperm whales (Ref. 9072). It is taken by droplining down to 400 m, and is sometimes seen in the trawled catch. Utilized fresh and frozen; can be steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Severely overfished (Ref. 89357).
深水的種。 成魚通常在粗糙的底部從之上出現中央的大陸棚 (大約 100 公尺) 到大陸棚邊緣而且向下至上層斜坡。 稚魚被發現於水表面,也許魚群伴隨著漂流雜草。 捕食 barracouta 與沙丁魚,以及各種不同的底棲魚。 初期的 gonochorists 是.(參考文獻 58421) 被抹香鯨捕食.。 (參考文獻 9072) 它是採自 droplining 向下至 400 公尺, 而且有時被中見到那拖網捕獲捕捉。 生鮮使用與冷凍; 能被蒸,油炸,火烤, 煮沸, 微波而且燒烤。 (參考文獻 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Are primary gonochorists (Ref. 58421).環球分佈於南方的水域.(參考文獻 7300) 已知來自澳洲，紐西蘭 , 胡安 Fernandez 列島外海的智利 , 與大西洋南方部的崔斯坦火山群了; 附隨地捕捉了外海的智利巴塔哥尼亞。
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.6 - 16, mean 11.7 °C (based on 143 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.8125 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00765 - 0.01500), b=2.99 (2.89 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.77 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (tm=10-13; tmax=60).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34 [20, 61] mg/100g; Iron = 0.904 [0.538, 1.528] mg/100g; Protein = 21 [20, 22] %; Omega3 = 0.563 [0.318, 1.046] g/100g; Selenium = 55.6 [29.6, 108.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.09 [3.16, 24.94] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.368 [0.267, 0.532] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
