Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
; zoet water; brak water benthopelagisch; potamodroom (Ref. 51243); diepte 0 - 27 m (Ref. 11002). Subtropical; 1°C - 29°C (Ref. 12741); 70°N - 30°N, 137°W - 69°W (Ref. 86798)
North America: St. Lawrence-Great Lakes, Arctic, and Mississippi River basins from Quebec to Northwest Territories in Canada, and south to Alabama and Arkansas in the USA; possibly native to Mobile Bay basin. Widely introduced elsewhere in the USA, including Atlantic and Pacific drainages.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 42.5, range 36 - 44.8 cm
Max length : 107 cm FL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 1998); common length : 54.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 12193); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 11.3 kg (Ref. 4699); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 29 Jaren (Ref. 12193)
Dorsale stekels (totaal): 13 - 17; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal): 18-22; Anale stekels 2; Anale zachte stralen: 11 - 14; Wervels: 44 - 48. Nuptial tubercles absent. Differentiation of sexes difficult. Branchiostegal rays 7,7 or 7,8 (Ref. 1998).
Occurs in lakes, pools, backwaters, and runs of medium to large rivers. Frequently found in clear water, usually near brush (Ref. 86798). Prefers large, shallow lakes with high turbidity (Ref. 9988, 10294). Rarely found in brackish waters (Ref. 1998). Feeds at night, mainly on insects and fishes (prefers yellow perch and freshwater drum but will take any fish available) but feeds on crayfish, snails, frogs, mudpuppies, and small mammals when fish and insects are scarce (Ref. 1998). Although not widely farmed commercially for consumption, large numbers are hatched and raised for stocking lakes for game fishing (Ref. 9988). Utilized fresh or frozen; eaten pan-fried, broiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Spawning occurs in small groups (a larger female and two smaller males or two females and up to six males) that engage in chasing, circular swimming, and fin erection. The group then ascends to shallow water, females roll on their side, and eggs and sperm are released. Deposition of eggs usually occurs in a single night (Ref. 1998). Larvae pelagic (Ref. 7471).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; Aquacultuur: experimenteel; sportvis: ja; Aquarium: Publieke aquaria
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Estimates based on models
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00480 - 0.00830), b=3.15 (3.07 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.7 (3.0 - 4.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 41
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (K=0.05-0.45; tm=2-4; tmax=29; Fec=41,061).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 83.9 [34.8, 196.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.483 [0.192, 1.201] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.9, 19.3] %; Omega3 = 0.17 [0.07, 0.35] g/100g; Selenium = 7.44 [1.82, 31.88] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.6 [6.9, 51.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.913 [0.526, 1.539] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
