Classification / Names
Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten; djupintervall 1 - ? m (Ref. 6390). Temperate; 26°S - 39°S, 112°E - 150°E
Eastern Indian Ocean: endemic to the southern coasts of Australia.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 41.0 cm FL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 27296); publicerad maxvikt: 800.00 g (Ref. 27296); rapporterad maxålder: 7 år (Ref. 27652)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 9; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 16; Taggstrålar i analfenan 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 10; Ryggkotor: 25. Large eyes, diameter of which about one fifth of the head length. Body scales are slightly rough to touch. Body coloration: green above and silvery below with vertical rows of golden spots on the upper sides, tips of the caudal fin are black. Juveniles have dark golden bars on their sides (Ref. 6390). Length of upper lobe of caudal fin < 29.9% SL (Ref. 9701).
Usually found inshore in bays and estuaries over seagrass beds or near areas of seaweed (e.g. kelp), on rocky reefs, and along ocean beaches. Juveniles are found in inshore coastal waters, bays and inlets (Ref. 6390). Feed on small fish and prawns (Ref. 27946).
Both small, undeveloped ova (eggs) and larger ripe ova are present in the ovary at the same time. This phenomenon suggests that these species are either partial spawners (i.e. only some of the ova are spawned each time) or that the small ova remain in the ovary after spawning and are resorbed (Ref. 27945).
Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993. Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja
Ytterligare information
referenserVattenbrukVattenbruksprofilAvelslinjerGenetikElectrophoresesÄrftlighetSjukdomarBehandlingNutrientsMass conversion
MedarbetareBilderStamps, Coins Misc.LjudCiguateraHastighetSimsättGälytaOtolithsHjärnstorlekSyn
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.2 - 20.5, mean 17.4 °C (based on 92 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00352 - 0.02589), b=3.01 (2.79 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.76 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.3 (1.1 - 1.9) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.8-1; tm=2-4; tmax=7; Fec=190,000).
Prior r = 0.70, 95% CL = 0.46 - 1.05, Based on 3 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (94 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 49.3 [28.8, 99.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.573 [0.349, 1.000] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [17.9, 22.3] %; Omega3 = 0.781 [0.419, 1.487] g/100g; Selenium = 9.68 [3.97, 21.32] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.4 [4.8, 55.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.587 [0.409, 0.855] mg/100g (wet weight);
