分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Perciformes/Cottoidei (Sculpins) >
Cottidae (Sculpins)
Etymology: Cottus: Greek, kottos = a fish (Ref. 45335); cognatus: Named after Mr. Fred Chamberlain, naturalist of the steamer Albatross, who collected the type (Ref. 11366).
More on author: Richardson.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 6 - 128 m (Ref. 1998). 溫帶; 4°C - 16°C (Ref. 13614); 71°N - 37°N
North America: throughout most of mainland Canada and Alaska; Atlantic Slope drainages south to Potomac River in Virginia, USA; St. Lawrence-Great Lakes basin; upper Mississippi River basin in Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa, USA; upper Columbia River drainage in Canada and USA. Also in Siberia, Russia.
北美洲: 在大部分的大陸加拿大與阿拉斯加州各處; 大西洋斜坡流域在美國維吉尼亞南至玻多瑪克河; 聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區流域; 在威斯康辛州，明尼蘇達州與美國愛荷華州的密西西比河上游流域; 在加拿大與美國的哥倫比亞河流域上游。 也在西伯利亞，俄國。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 7.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.1 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 27547); common length : 7.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 27547); 最大年龄: 7 年 (Ref. 28921)
背棘 (总数): 7 - 10; 背的软条 (总数): 14-19; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 10 - 14; 脊椎骨: 31 - 35. Distinguished by the two pores on the chin and the short lateral line ending under the second dorsal fin (Ref. 27547). Gill rakers short and stubby, about 6 on first gill arch; lateral line incomplete, ending under middle of soft dorsal fin and usually having a few isolated pores behind this point; main portion with 12 to 26 pores (Ref. 27547). Pectorals large and fan-shaped, tips of lower rays projecting; fourth ray of pelvic much reduced; caudal rounded (Ref. 27547). Rather dark brown or green to dark gray on back and sides, whitish below, with vague, dark mottlings or bars below soft dorsal; belly sometimes with orange tints; soft dorsal, pectoral and caudal fins usually barred, pelvic fins and anal usually immaculate but sometimes barred; spiny dorsal dark at base, with a clear margin that may turn orange in breeding males; breeding males usually dark, sometimes black, all over (Ref. 27547).
在第二个背鳍下面的下巴与短的侧线终止上区别的特徵为两者孔了。 (参考文献 27547) 鳃耙短与粗而短的, 大约 6 在第一个鳃弓上; 侧线不完全的, 在软背鳍的中央下面的终止与通常有一个在这点后面的少数孤立的孔; 用 12 到 26个孔的主要部份部分.(参考文献 27547) 胸鳍大而扇形的, 低鳍条的顶端突出的; 腹鳍的第四鳍条缩得很小; 尾鳍圆的.(参考文献 27547) 相当深褐色或绿色到深灰色背面与侧边, 腹面略白的, 藉由模糊又深色的杂斑或横带在软的之下背部的; 腹面有时有橘色的色彩; 软的背部, 胸鳍与尾鳍鳍通常条纹了, 腹鳍与肛门的通常无斑点的但是有时条纹了; 刺状的背部深色的在基底, 具有一个可能在繁殖期的雄性中变橘色的清澈的边缘; 繁殖期的雄性通常深色的, 有时黑色的, 到处.(参考文献 27547)
Inhabits rocky riffles of cold streams, rocky areas of lakes (commonly at 90-106 m depth), springs and their effluents (Ref. 5723). Moves into shallow water to spawn (Ref. 27547). In some areas, they are common in brackish water (Ref. 27843), presumably moving to and from fresh water, at least for spawning (Ref. 27547). Feeds mostly on aquatic insect larvae and nymphs but also on crustaceans, small fishes, and plant materials (Ref. 1998). May be used as bait, but this seems rare (Ref. 27547).
栖息于寒冷溪流的岩石的急流，湖 (通常在 90-106 公尺深) ，泉水与其溢流的岩石区。 (参考文献 5723) 移入浅水区产卵.(参考文献 27547) 在一些地区，他们是常见于半淡咸水 (参考文献 27843), 可能来回移动于淡水，至少产卵.(参考文献 27547) 大部份捕食水生的昆虫幼生，而且蛹也捕食甲壳动物，小鱼与植物。 (参考文献 1998) 可能是当作鱼饵使用，但是这似乎稀有。 (参考文献 27547)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
The male chooses a nesting site under a rock or ledge. Spawning males are territorial toward other males (Ref. 27547). He attracts a female into the nesting site and after more courting the female deposits her adhesive eggs. The female is then driven out and the male guards the eggs until hatching occurs. The nest usually contains eggs from several females (Ref. 27547). The male has also been observed to guard the young (Ref. 1998).北美洲: 在大部分的大陸加拿大與阿拉斯加州各處; 大西洋斜坡流域在美國維吉尼亞南至玻多瑪克河; 聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區流域; 在威斯康辛州，明尼蘇達州與美國愛荷華州的密西西比河上游流域; 在加拿大與美國的哥倫比亞河流域上游。 也在西伯利亞，俄國。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
人类利用
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00300 - 0.01523), b=3.17 (2.98 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.47 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 8.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2-4; tmax=7; Fec=42-1,420).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
