Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 10 - 200 m (Ref. 4704), usually 10 - 100 m (Ref. 35388). Subtropical; 62°N - 18°S, 18°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Norway to Angola. Also known from the Mediterranean and Black Sea.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 11.9, range 11 - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 35388); common length : 12.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3397); العمر: 8 سنين (Ref. 126653)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع): 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع): 81-93; شوكة شرجية 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 74 - 82. Very thin body. None of the dorsal finrays are prolonged (Ref. 4704). Lateral line with a marked curve over the pectoral fin. Behind the pelvic fins two backward curved thorns. Body slender, translucent and shaped like a sole (Ref. 35388).
Live on mixed or muddy bottoms. Feed on small fishes and invertebrates (Ref. 4704).
Aldebert, Y., M. Desoutter and J.-C. Quéro, 1990. Bothidae. p. 1027-1036. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 5979)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير ذات اهمية
مزيد من المعلومات
مراجعالأستزراع المائيملف الأستزراع المائيسلالاتجينيElectrophoresesالتوريثالأمراضمعالجةNutrientsMass conversion
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.4 - 19.5, mean 10.8 °C (based on 1350 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00515 - 0.00738), b=3.08 (3.03 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (tm=3; tmax=7.5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 101 [50, 218] mg/100g; Iron = 1.03 [0.48, 1.81] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [17.0, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.299 [0.131, 0.591] g/100g; Selenium = 26.1 [14.2, 54.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.6 [6.5, 57.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.842 [0.581, 1.189] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies. 
