分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Pogonias: Greek, pogon = beard (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - ? m. 亚热带的; 46°N - 51°S
Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia (Ref. 7251) to Florida, Gulf of Mexico, the Antilles (uncommon), and the southern Caribbean coast; also from the Orinoco delta to Argentina.
西大西洋: 新斯科舍省 (参考文献 7251) 到佛罗里达，墨西哥湾，安地列斯群岛 (罕见), 与加勒比海南部海岸; 也从奥里诺科河三角州到阿根廷。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 64.5, range 63 - ? cm
Max length : 170 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 最大体重: 51.3 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年龄: 43 年 (Ref. 7188)
背棘 (总数): 11; 背的软条 (总数): 19-22; 臀棘 2; 臀鳍软条: 5 - 7. Silvery grey to very dark, young with 4 or 5 black vertical bars on sides, disappearing with growth; pelvic and anal fins usually dark. Chin with 5 pores and 10 to 13 pairs of small barbels along median edges of lower jaws and subopercles, increasing in length posteriorly. Gas bladder with numerous lateral appendages interconnected in a complicated pattern in adult. Sagitta semicircular and moderately thin (Ref 51721).
银灰色的到非常深色的, 在侧边上幼鱼有 4 或 5个黑色的纵带, 随着成长而消失; 腹鳍与臀鳍通常深色的。 下巴有 5个孔与 10 到 13 对小的触须沿着下颚与在后部地被长度一直增加的子鳃盖的中央边缘。 气鳔有很多的在成鱼中被在一个复杂的图案互相连接的侧肢。 矢耳石半圆与一般细的 (参考文献 51721).
Found usually over sand and sandy mud bottoms in coastal waters, especially in areas with large river runoffs. Juveniles often enter estuaries. Feeds mainly on crustaceans, mollusks and fishes.
在沿岸水域中通常发现在沙子与沙泥底上了, 尤其在有大的河表面流水的区域中。 稚鱼时常进入河口。 主要吃甲壳动物，软件动物与鱼。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 新斯科舍省 (参考文献 7251) 到佛罗里达，墨西哥湾，安地列斯群岛 (罕见), 与加勒比海南部海岸; 也从奥里诺科河三角州到阿根廷。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.8 - 27.6, mean 23.5 °C (based on 326 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00757 - 0.00914), b=3.08 (3.05 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.17; tm=3-5; tmax=43).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 38.1 [22.4, 72.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.803 [0.422, 1.361] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [18.0, 21.7] %; Omega3 = 0.289 [0.175, 0.459] g/100g; Selenium = 37.5 [20.9, 71.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.98 [1.88, 15.13] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.611 [0.443, 0.888] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
