分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes) >
Monacanthidae (Filefishes)
Etymology: Aluterus: Name from Greek meaning not free or detached, referring to the pelvis that does not form a spiny project (as it does in triggerfish) (R. Chandler, pers. Comm. 10/2014)..
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 1 - 80 m (Ref. 90102). 亚热带的; 43°N - 39°S, 180°W - 180°E
Circumtropical. Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA to Argentina (Ref. 36453). Eastern Atlantic: west coast of tropical Africa (Ref. 3592). Eastern Pacific: Guatemala to Chile (Ref. 9068); probably in Mexico (Ref. 9318). Western Indian Ocean: Mozambique and South Africa (Ref. 4421). Recently recorded from Reunion (Ref. 53568).
Circumtropical。 西大西洋: 美国麻萨诸塞州到阿根廷.(参考文献 36453) 东大西洋: 热带非洲的西岸.(参考文献 3592) 东太平洋: 危地马拉到智利;(参考文献 9068) 可能在墨西哥.(参考文献 9318) 西印度洋: 莫桑比克与南非.(参考文献 4421) 最近从留尼旺岛记录。 (参考文献 53568)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 76.2 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 26340); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3467); 最大体重: 2.7 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数): 2; 背的软条 (总数): 45-52; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 47 - 53. Rudimentary pelvic spine disappears in large specimen (Ref. 36453). Snout convex in adults (Ref. 1602). Sandy to grey with small brown spots above; soft dorsal and anal fins pale yellowish to brownish; caudal membrane blackish brown (Ref. 4421).
不发达的腹棘较大时消失标本。 (参考文献 36453) 当成鱼时的吻凸状.(参考文献 1602) 沙土色到灰色的有小褐色斑点上方; 软的背鳍与臀鳍灰白的淡黄色的到褐色的; 尾部的薄膜暗褐色的.(参考文献 4421)
Occasionally in shallow water by steep drop-offs. Solitary or in pairs, occasionally in groups of five or six, at less than 10 m depth. Juveniles are pelagic, seen under floating objects (Ref. 9318, 48637). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Adults and juveniles are rarely seen near reefs. Juveniles often with large jellies and these may bring them close to reefs and adults may nest on sandflats adjacent to reefs in deep water. At other times, the adults may form large schools under weed-rafts that usually form during the wet season (Ref. 48637). Feed on benthic organisms (Ref. 30573).
偶见于陡峭海峭壁的浅水区。 独居性或成对, 偶而成群出现五或六, 在少于 10 公尺深。 稚鱼是大洋性的, 在漂浮的目标下面见到。 (参考文献 9318,48637) 成鱼与稚鱼很少地在礁的附近被见到。 稚鱼时常有大的果冻，而且这些可能带给他们邻近礁石，而且成鱼在深水中可能在 sandflats 上筑巢邻近礁。 在其他时候，成鱼可能在杂草下面形成大群鱼群-通常在湿季的时候形成的筏.(参考文献 48637) 吃底栖的生物。 (参考文献 30573)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).Circumtropical。 西大西洋: 美国麻萨诸塞州到阿根廷.(参考文献 36453) 东大西洋: 热带非洲的西岸.(参考文献 3592) 东太平洋: 危地马拉到智利;(参考文献 9068) 可能在墨西哥.(参考文献 9318) 西印度洋: 莫桑比克与南非.(参考文献 4421) 最近从留尼旺岛记录。 (参考文献 53568)
Harmelin-Vivien, M.L. and J.-C. Quéro, 1990. Monacanthidae. p. 1061-1066. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3592)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.8 - 29, mean 27.6 °C (based on 1868 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.01186 - 0.03061), b=2.89 (2.75 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 13.9 [5.6, 53.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.487 [0.214, 1.238] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.1, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.154 [0.071, 0.304] g/100g; Selenium = 21.9 [8.3, 50.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.4 [6.0, 98.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.522 [0.321, 0.882] mg/100g (wet weight);
