Gymnocephalus cernua, Ruffe : fisheries, gamefish, bait

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Gymnocephalus cernua (Linnaeus, 1758)

Ruffe
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Classification / Names Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Percoidei (Perchs) > Percidae (Perches) > Percinae
Etymology: Gymnocephalus: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, kephale = head (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Écologie

; eau douce; saumâtre benthopélagique; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 8 - 12; potamodrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 2 - 85 m (Ref. 121625). Temperate; 10°C - 20°C (Ref. 13371); 74°N - 43°N, 6°W - 169°E

Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Europe: Caspian, Black, Baltic and North Sea basins; Great Britain; north to about 69° N in Scandinavia. Asia: Aral Sea basin, Arctic Ocean basin eastward to Kolyma drainage. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.

Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge

Maturity: Lm 10.5  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 556); common length : 12.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 556); poids max. publié: 400.00 g (Ref. 556); âge max. reporté: 10 années (Ref. 59043)

Description synthétique Morphologie | Morphométrie

Épines dorsales (Total): 11 - 19; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total): 11-16; Épines anales 2; Rayons mous anaux: 5 - 6; Vertèbres: 35 - 36. Distinguished uniquely from its congeners by its body depth 24-27% SL. Differs further from other members of the genus by the combination of having a flank yellowish with numerous, small, irregular, dark blotches and having 11-16 dorsal spines (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 16 to 17 rays (Ref. 40476). Dorsal fins are fused. Color brownish with dark spots (Ref. 35388).

Biologie     Glossaire (ex. epibenthic)

Inhabits eutrophic lakes, lowland and piedmont rivers. Most abundant in estuaries of large rivers, brackish lakes with salinities up to 10-12 ppt and reservoirs. In general, its abundance increases with increased eutrophication (Ref. 59043). Reported to prefer still or slow-flowing water with soft bottom and without vegetation (Ref. 59043) and deep water with deposits of sand and gravel (Ref. 9696). Can tolerate some degradation of the environment (Ref. 30578). Can co-exist in deep lakes with Perca fluviatilis. Both species partly occur at different depths with Gymnocephalus cernua being more abundant in deeper layers (Ref. 59043). The membranous external walls of the head canals of this species provide high directional sensitivity; can feed at night in the dark using the lateral line system; feeds on zooplankton, chironomids, oligochaetes and amphipods (Ref. 10999). Pelagic in coastal lakes and tidal estuaries, preying on zooplankton and fish. Spawns on a variety of substrates at depths of about 3 m or less (Ref. 59043). White to yellow eggs in sticky strands are found on rocks and weed in shallow water (Ref. 41678). Used as bait for pike (Ref. 6258). Females live up to 10 year while males up to 7 years (Ref. 59043).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves

Eggs turn adhesive on contact with water and stick to stones or plants. Females lay eggs in two or more portions, usually separated by about 30 days in summer. First portion of eggs is larger the second portion. Larvae without or with only a brief, pelagic larval stage, switching early to benthic life, secretive and solitary, not forming schools. Larval survival is poor below 10°C and above 20°C (Ref. 59043).

Référence principale Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur | Collaborateurs

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)

Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Préoccupation mineure (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Menace pour l'homme

  Potential pest





Utilisations par l'homme

Pêcheries: intérêt commercial mineur; pêche sportive: oui; appât: usually
FAO - pêcheries: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Plus d'informations

Taille/Âge
Croissance
Longueur-poids
Longueur-longueur
Fréquences de longueurs
Morphométrie
Morphologie
Larves
Dynamique des populations larvaires
Recrutement
Abondance
BRUVS
Références
Aquaculture
Profil d'aquaculture
Souches
Génétique
Electrophoreses
Héritabilité
Pathologies
Traitement
Nutrients
Mass conversion
Collaborateurs
Images
Stamps, Coins Misc.
Sons
Ciguatera
Vitesse
Type de nage
Surface branchiale
Otolithes
Cerveaux
Vision

Outils

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Sources Internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genre, Espèce | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - pêcheries: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: génôme, nucléotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Bases de données nationales | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Aquariums publics | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Arbre de Vie | Wikipedia: aller à, chercher | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5312   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00874 - 0.01044), b=3.00 (2.97 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278):  3.3   ±0.57 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.8 (2.3 - 5.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 21 growth studies.
Résilience (Ref. 120179):  Milieu, temps minimum de doublement de population : 1,4 à 4,4 années (K=0.1-0.48; tm=1-2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 32.8 [15.0, 75.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.229 [0.115, 0.452] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [15.8, 18.8] %; Omega3 = 0.554 [0.198, 1.215] g/100g; Selenium = 9.99 [4.40, 21.18] μg/100g; VitaminA = 37.9 [12.2, 116.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.977 [0.660, 1.466] mg/100g (wet weight);