分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性; 深度上下限 0 - ? m. 溫帶; 60°N - 40°N
Europe: central and eastern Europe and northern Asia Minor (Ref. 57778). Basins of North, southern Baltic, Black, western and southern Caspian and Aegean Seas (from Maritza to Struma drainages); Mediterranean basin, only in northern Rhône (France) and Drin drainages (Alabania, Montenegro, Macedonia). Abundant and expanding in most of its range, but locally threatened by water pollution, weed clearing, and stocking of predatory fish (Ref. 59043).
歐洲: 法國的羅恩河流域到俄國的尼和河; 南至黑海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 4.4, range 3 - 6 cm
Max length : 11.2 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 88166); common length : 5.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大年龄: 5 年 (Ref. 9696)
背棘 (总数): 3; 背的软条 (总数): 8-10; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 10; 脊椎骨: 34 - 36. Caudal fin with 19 to 20 soft rays. Differs from Rhodeus meridionalis by having sub-inferior mouth (vs. terminal), rostral cap covering all or at least more than half of upper lip (vs. only upper part of upper lip) (Ref. 59043).
尾鳍有 19个到 20 软鳍条。
Occurs most abundantly in still or slow-flowing water with dense aquatic vegetation and sand-silt bottom as lowland ponds, canals, slow-flowing rivers, backwaters and oxbows, where mussels are present (Ref. 59043). Found among plants over sand and muddy bottoms in shallow waters. Remarkable for its habit of deposing its eggs in the cavity of bivalves (Unio). Feeds mainly on plants and to a lesser degree on worms, crustaceans, and insect larvae. Formerly used for pregnancy tests: females injected with urine from pregnant women protruded their ovipositors (Ref. 6258). Live span is exceptionally up to 5 years but most individuals do not survive the year of their first reproduction and population sizes fluctuate greatly over the years (Ref. 59043).
在植物之中在沙子与泥底部之上在浅水区中。 对于它在二枚贝 ( Unio) 的洞中产卵的习惯是显着的. 主要吃植物与较少吃蠕虫，甲壳动物与昆虫幼生。 从前用来了怀孕测试: 雌性以怀孕女人的尿液注射伸出他们的产卵管。 (参考文献 6258)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Spawns in clear, slow-running or still water, often with a muddy bottom. The presence of nearby freshwater mussels is of vital importance. Female deposits eggs within the valves of the mussel. Male sheds sperm into the inhalent current of the respiring mussel and thereby, fertilizes the eggs. Fry remain in the mussel until protection is not anymore required.歐洲: 法國的羅恩河流域到俄國的尼和河; 南至黑海。
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
人类利用
渔业: 没有兴趣; 水族馆: 商业性; 诱饵: occasionally
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00781 - 0.01405), b=3.11 (3.05 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.34 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (tm=2; tmax=5; Fec=40).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
