Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
морской; пресноводный; солоноватоводный демерсальный; анадромный (Ref. 51243); пределы глубины 0 - 50 m (Ref. 50550). Temperate; 10°C - 20°C (Ref. 2059); 55°N - 43°N
Asia: Amur basin, ascending far up to the Argun, Shilka, and Onon. In the Amur Liman to the Amur estuary in the Sea of Okhotsk. Adults inhabit some lakes, like Orel Lake above Nikolaevsk. Also in the Ussuri and Sungari, China.
Four populations are recognized in the Amur River basin: one lives in the estuary and coastal brackish waters of the Sea of Okhotsk and Sea of Japan, second is found in the lower Amur, third in the middle Amur, and fourth in the lower reaches of the Zeya and Bureya rivers in the Russian river banks (Ref. 40142). Two ecological morphs are present in the estuary population, the 'freshwater' and the 'brackish' water forms (Ref. 40142).
Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm 180.0, range 170 - 190 cm
Max length : 560 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 40142); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 1.0 t (Ref. 40142); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 80 годы (Ref. 56448)
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число): 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число): 43-57; колючие лучи анального плавника 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 26 - 35. Gill membranes free from isthmus and broadly connected with each other. Barbels flat, attached on ventral side of snout. Body shields in 5 rows; dorsal shields 10 to 16, lateral 32 to 46 and ventral 8 to 12.
Adults inhabit rivers and lakes. Adults do not spawn every year but at least every other year. With increasing age, the spawning interval increases to three, four and more years (Ref. 593). Feed on invertebrates in the first year then switch to juveniles of pelagic fishes, e.g., Oncorhynchus keta, at age 3 to 4 yrs., kaluga feed on adult fishes (Ref. 40142).
Males spawn once in three to four years while females do every four to five years (Ref. 40142). Water temperature affects the onset of maturity of females. Females spawn a year earlier during warm years than they would during cold years (Ref. 40142).
Berg, L.S., 1962. Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 1, 4th edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. (Russian version published 1948). (Ref. 593)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий
дополнительная информация
ссылкиаквакультура (рыбоводство)особенности рыбоводствастепень растяжениягенетикаElectrophoresesнаследуемостьболезниобработкаNutrientsMass conversion
инструменты
Специальные отчеты
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00204 (0.00119 - 0.00351), b=3.18 (3.03 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 36.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref.
120179): очень низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции более 14 лет (tm=14-23; tmax=55; Fec=600,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (86 of 100).
