分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes)
魨形目 (Puffers and filefishes) >
Diodontidae (Porcupinefishes (burrfishes))
二齒魨科 (Porcupinefishes (burrfishes))
Etymology: Diodon: Greek, di = two + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 2 - 200 m (Ref. 5951), usually 2 - 35 m (Ref. 40849). 亚热带的; 37°N - 39°S, 8°E - 55°W (Ref. 55210)
Circumtropical in distribution. Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951), Florida, USA and the Bahamas to Brazil (Ref. 7251). Eastern Atlantic: 30°N to 23°S (Ref. 6951); also South Africa (Ref. 4423). Western Indian Ocean: southern Red Sea to Madagascar, Reunion and Mauritius (Ref. 53568). Pacific Ocean: southern Japan south to Lord Howe Island and east to the Hawaiian and Easter islands (Ref. 37816). Also from southern California, USA to Colombia (Ref. 11482) and the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 5227).
分布在环热带。 西大西洋: 美国的佛罗里达与巴哈马到巴西.(参考文献 7251) 东大西洋: 30个 ° N 到 23个 °S;(参考文献 6951) 也南非.(参考文献 4423) 西印度洋: 红海到马达加斯加南部，留尼旺岛与模里西斯.(参考文献 53568) 太平洋: 日本南部南至罗得豪岛而且东至夏威夷与复活岛。 (参考文献 37816) 也从美国的南加州到哥伦比亚 (参考文献 11482) 与加拉巴哥群岛.(参考文献 5227)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 15.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 55763)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 13-15; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 13 - 15. Pelagic juveniles with spots, particularly prominent on belly; adults with dark blotches across back and spots between the blotches; fins without spots (Ref. 4423). 14 to 16 spines in an approximate row between snout and origin of dorsal fin; with a large brown bar above and below each eye; a broad transverse brown bar on occipital region of head (Ref. 13442).
大洋性稚鱼有斑点, 特别地突出的在腹面上; 横过成鱼有黑色斑块在斑块之间的背面与斑点; 没有斑点的鳍.(参考文献 4423) 在吻与背鳍起点之间的大约列中的 14 到 16根棘; 具有一个大的褐色横带在每个眼睛的上面与下面; 在头部的枕区上的一条宽的横跨褐色横带.(参考文献 13442)
Inhabit shallow reefs to open, soft bottoms. Also in areas with rocky substrata. Sometimes form groups (Ref. 9710, 48637). Occur on open muddy substrates as well as on rich soft-bottom and coral reefs. Juveniles often with floating Sargassum rafts. Young and sub-adults may form small groups (Ref. 48637). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Juveniles pelagic to about 6-9 cm. Solitary. Feed on mollusks, sea urchins, hermit crabs, and crabs at night (Ref. 9680). Relatively poor swimmers (Ref. 9710). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166). Captured at the surface using a hand net (Ref. 26165).
栖息于浅水礁区到开放的, 软质底部。 也在有岩石底层的区域中。 有时表格聚集。 (参考文献 9710,48637) 生活于开放的泥质底部以及营养丰富的软质底部与珊瑚礁。 稚鱼时常以漂浮 马尾藻 筏。 幼鱼与亚成鱼可能形成小群鱼群。 (参考文献 48637) 稚鱼大洋性到大约 6-9 公分。 独居性。 吃软件动物，海胆，寄居蟹与螃蟹在晚上。 (参考文献 9680) 一位相当不佳的游泳者.(参考文献 9710) 被用于中药材了。 (参考文献 12166) 捕获在水表面使用一個手抄網。 (參考文獻 26165)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
分布在环热带。 西大西洋: 美国的佛罗里达与巴哈马到巴西.(参考文献 7251) 东大西洋: 30个 ° N 到 23个 °S;(参考文献 6951) 也南非.(参考文献 4423) 西印度洋: 红海到马达加斯加南部，留尼旺岛与模里西斯.(参考文献 53568) 太平洋: 日本南部南至罗得豪岛而且东至夏威夷与复活岛。 (参考文献 37816) 也从美国的南加州到哥伦比亚 (参考文献 11482) 与加拉巴哥群岛.(参考文献 5227)
Leis, J.M., 1984. Diodontidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3393)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.5 - 29, mean 27.3 °C (based on 2666 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5313 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.05888 (0.02847 - 0.12178), b=2.80 (2.61 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.4 [7.6, 77.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.566 [0.268, 1.420] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.1, 21.5] %; Omega3 = 0.201 [0.104, 0.390] g/100g; Selenium = 24.7 [10.4, 57.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.8 [5.5, 106.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.535 [0.334, 0.862] mg/100g (wet weight);
