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Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sillaginidae (Smelt-whitings)
沙鮻科 (Smelt-whitings)
Etymology: Sillago: From a locality in Australia .
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 0 - 46 m (Ref. 6335), usually 20 - 22 m. 熱帶; 9°S - 45°S, 142°E - 170°E (Ref. 6205)
Western Pacific: east coast of Australia from Cape York (rare) and the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland to eastern Victoria, Ulverstone on northeast coast of Tasmania; Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, Woodlark Islands, and Papua New Guinea. Bleeker's records (Ref. 1502, 1843) from Batavia and Java were in error (Ref. 4899).
西太平洋: 來自約克岬 (稀有的) 與大堡礁，對東方的維多利亞的昆士蘭省的澳洲東岸, 在塔斯梅尼亞的海岸東北部上的 Ulverstone; 羅得豪島，新加勒多尼亞， Woodlark 島與巴布亞新幾內亞。 來自巴達維亞與爪哇的 Bleeker 的記錄 (參考文獻 1502,1843) 是錯誤。 (參考文獻 4899)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 24.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 51.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6205); 最大體重: 1.4 kg (Ref. 6390); 最大年齡: 22 年 (Ref. 1254)
背棘 (總數): 12; 背的軟條 (總數): 16-18; 臀棘 2; 臀鰭軟條: 15 - 17; 脊椎骨: 32 - 34. The shape of the swim bladder is not distinguishable from that of S. analis. Anterior part of the swim bladder with rudimentary tubules projecting anteriorly and a series laterally that diminish in size and become sawtooth-like posteriorly. The coloration of adult specimens is uniform, without darker bars or blotches. A dark spot is present at the base of the pectoral fin in younger individuals.
泳鰾的形狀 S. analis 不可與區別那。 前部那泳鰾有不發達的細管突出的前面地與系列側面地那在大小方面減少而且在後部地變成像鋸齒一樣。 成魚標本的顏色是均勻的, 沒有深色的橫帶或斑塊。 一個深色的斑點是在較年輕的個體中出現在胸鰭的基底。
An onshore schooling species occurring on coastal beaches, sandbars, and surf zones as well as open bays, estuaries, coastal lakes (Ref. 6205), and rivers as far as tidal limits (Ref. 6390). Keep away from shore when older. Live almost exclusively on sandy ground. Juveniles and adolescents are abundant in shallow waters of rivers and creeks, over seagrass beds and in mangroves (Ref. 6223), although they tend to move into deeper water as they grow older (Ref. 6390). Larvae are present in river mouths and mangrove areas most of the year (Ref. 27634). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Feed mostly on polychaetes and crustaceans. Also caught using tunnel nets (Ref. 6205).
出現於海岸的海灘，河口沙洲與海浪區上的一個向陸的群游性種以及開放的海灣，河口，沿岸湖泊 (參考文獻 6205) 與河遠達潮汐的範圍.(參考文獻 6390) 生計遠離海岸 , 當比較年長的時候。 幾乎只倚賴沙的地面生活。 稚魚與青少年河與小溪很豐富在淺水區中, 在海草床之上而且在紅樹林 (參考文獻 6223) 中，雖然他們傾向，當他們生長比較年長，移進較深的水域中.(參考文獻 6390) 仔魚在河口與紅樹林區域全年大部分時間中出現。 (參考文獻 27634) 大部分吃多毛類動物與甲殼動物。 也使用洞穴網捕捉。 (參考文獻 6205)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Sand whiting probably spawn twice each season (Ref. 1254, 27633). Spawning occurs at peak high tide, at night, and 1-2 days before the new moon (Ref. 6390).西太平洋: 來自約克岬 (稀有的) 與大堡礁，對東方的維多利亞的昆士蘭省的澳洲東岸, 在塔斯梅尼亞的海岸東北部上的 Ulverstone; 羅得豪島，新加勒多尼亞， Woodlark 島與巴布亞新幾內亞。 來自巴達維亞與爪哇的 Bleeker 的記錄 (參考文獻 1502,1843) 是錯誤。 (參考文獻 4899)
McKay, R.J., 1992. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 14. Sillaginid fishes of the world (family Sillaginidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the sillago, smelt or Indo-Pacific whiting species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(14):87p. (Ref. 6205)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 養殖: 實驗的; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.2 - 27.4, mean 25.4 °C (based on 182 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00340 - 0.01119), b=3.13 (2.96 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.39; tm=2-3; tmax=22; Fec=31,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 348 [82, 932] mg/100g; Iron = 1.22 [0.47, 3.13] mg/100g; Protein = 20.8 [18.0, 23.0] %; Omega3 = 0.221 [0.099, 0.482] g/100g; Selenium = 43.2 [14.8, 143.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27.7 [5.9, 122.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.25 [0.65, 3.06] mg/100g (wet weight);
