分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes)
鯰形目 (Catfishes) >
Bagridae (Bagrid catfishes)
鱨科 (Bagrid catfishes)
Etymology: Bagrus: Mozarabic, bagre, taken from Greek, pagros = a fish (Dentex sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 60 m (Ref. 33611). 熱帶; 9°S - 15°S
Africa: Endemic to Lake Malawi.
非洲: 馬拉威湖的特有種。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 44.5, range 28 - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4967); common length : 42.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2781); 最大體重: 9.5 kg (Ref. 52161)
背棘 (總數): 1; 背的軟條 (總數): 9-10; 臀鰭軟條: 14 - 15. Head depressed, smooth or finely striated above; snout not or little projecting beyond lower jaw; premaxillary band of teeth 5-6.5 times as long as broad, nearly as broad as the band of vomerine teeth; maxillary barbel 2(juv.)-1 times head length, reaching to extremity of pelvics or beyond (<200mm), to extremity of pectoral (300-500mm) or hardly beyond gill-opening (>500mm); nasal barbel 2/5 (<100mm)-1/7 (>500mm) head length; outer mandibular barbel 3/4(juv.)-2/5 of head length; inner mandibular barbel 1/2(juv.)-1/5 of head length; gillrakers rather long, widely set (Ref. 52162). Occipital processus long and narrow (Ref. 52162, Ref. 2988). Dorsal fin short, last ray above or just in front of first ray of pelvic; dorsal spine smooth, feeble (Ref. 52162). Adipose fin large (Ref. 52161), 5(juv.)-11 (>600mm) times as long as deep (Ref. 52162). Dorsal fins widely separated (Ref. 4967, Ref. 2899), space 2/3-1 times length of base of rayed dorsal fin; pectoral spine smooth or very slightly serrated; caudal fin deeply forked with pointed lobes (Ref. 52162).
Coloration: brown or olive above, pale beneath, black dots or blotches scattered irregularly on the back, on the adipose dorsal and caudal fins, and sometimes also on the rayed dorsal (Ref. 52162).
頭部扁平的﹐平滑的或細有條紋上方; 吻不或小的突出超過下頜; 齒 5- 的上頜骨前條紋 6.5 倍於寬度, 幾乎像犛骨齒的條紋一樣的寬; 上頜骨觸鬚 2(juv.)-1 倍於頭長, 延伸到腹鰭的末端或超過 (<200 mm), 對胸鰭 (300-500 mm) 的末端或剛剛超過鰓裂 (>500 mm); 鼻骨觸鬚 2/5(<100 mm)-1/7(>500 mm) 頭長; 外部的顎觸鬚 3/4(juv.)頭長中的 -2/5; 內部的顎觸鬚 1/2(juv.)頭長中的 -1/5; 鰓耙相當長的, 廣泛地豎立.(參考文獻 52162) 後頭骨活動長而狹窄的.(參考文獻 52162, 參考文獻 2988) 背鰭短, 持續鰭條上方或正好在腹鰭的第一鰭條之前; 背棘平滑的, 微弱的.(參考文獻 52162) 脂鰭大的 (參考文獻 52161),5(juv.)-11(>600 mm) 長度與深度比率.(參考文獻 52162) 背鰭分得很開 (參考文獻 4967,參考文獻 2899), 空間 2/3-1 倍有鰭條的背鰭的基底的長度; 胸棘平滑的或非常些微地鋸齒狀的; 尾鰭分岔很深有尖的葉 (. 參考文獻 52162)
體色 褐色或橄欖色上方, 灰白的在,之下黑色的點或斑塊分散的不規則地在背部上, 在脂肪的背鰭與尾鰭鰭上, 與有時也在有鰭條的背鰭上.(參考文獻 52162)
Occurs from the lower reaches of rivers to the deepest habitable parts of the lake (Ref. 4967). Inhabits a variety of habitats (Ref. 52142). Feeds on small demersal cichlids (Ref. 52142) during the night (Ref. 5595). Juveniles mainly feed on trophic eggs released by the female (Ref. 36945), whilst the male helps the young in searching for invertebrates in and around the nest (Ref. 36945). Mutualistic relationship with cichlids concerning defense and feeding of young of both the cichlid and B. meridionalis (Ref. 52146). Symbiotic relationship of parasitized host-parasite eater exist with Pseudotropheus crabro, which eats away necrotic tissue and parasites, but also steals eggs (Ref. 42778). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Can produce sound as Amia or Synodontis species (Ref. 42447). Considered as a delicacy when smoked, making it one of the most highly priced fishes of Malawi (Ref. 52150).
生存於河到湖的深可居住部份的下面範圍。 (參考文獻 4967) 棲息於多種棲息地。 (參考文獻 52142) 吃小的底棲慈鯛科魚類 (參考文獻 52142) 夜晚時。 (參考文獻 5595) 稚魚主要地吃被母魚 (參考文獻 36945) 釋放的營養的卵, 當雄魚在巢的裡面與周圍尋找無脊椎動物方面幫助幼魚的時候。 (參考文獻 36945) 關於防衛與慈鯛科魚類與 B. meridionalis 的幼魚的進食的 Mutualistic 和慈鯛科魚類的關係.(參考文獻 52146) 被寄生於的寄主-寄生蟲的吃人的共棲關係以 Pseudotropheus crabro 存在, 侵蝕壞死的組織與寄生蟲, 也偷卵.(參考文獻 42778) 卵生的.(參考文獻 205) 能發出聲音如 Amia 或 Synodontis 種。 (參考文獻 42447) 被當作一個佳餚當煙燻時，製造它馬拉威的最價格很高魚之一了 (. 參考文獻 52150)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous. Breeding sites may be found in rivers, lakes, ponds or swamps (Ref. 205). Breeding individuals are recorded at all depths, but the species appears to prefer shallow water (<50m) (Ref. 4916, 27004, 52142). It comes inshore to breed, a nest being made in shallow water on a sandy substrate (Ref. 4364). Nest are build by males, with a circular or oval shape, about 3 feet in diameter, the centre below the surface level (Ref. 4916). Reputed to breed among the rocks (Ref. 2781, 52146), with nest often build so that rocks provide extra cover (Ref. 4916). Small fish are being guarded in their nests (Ref. 52142). The female exhibits parental care of her brood of young, in co-operation with nest-guarding territorial cichlids (Ref. 27004). In other studies, parental care is exhibited by both male and female (Ref. 52178, 52179). Brood-mixing occurs when cichlid parents 'farm out' their young into broods of the catfish and in half the cases, the cichlid parents remain near by and assist in brood defence (Ref. 52143). Juveniles mainly feed on trophic eggs released by the female (Ref. 36945), whilst the male helps the young in searching for invertebrates in and around the nest (Ref. 36945). Mutualistic relationship with cichlids concerning defence and feeding of the young of both the cichlids and B. meridionalis (Ref. 52146). If the female, after laying the eggs, leaves the nest in charge of the male (which is generally smaller than the female) and goes back to deep water, this might account for the disparity in sex ratio observed between shallow and deep waters (Ref. 4364, 4916).非洲: 馬拉威湖的特有種。
Banda, M., 2001. Population biology of the catfish Bagrus meridionalis from the southern part of Lake Malawi. p. 200-214. In O.L.F. Weyl and M.V. Weyl (eds.) Proceedings of the Lake Malawi Fisheries Management Symposium, 4th-9th June 2001 Capital Hotel, Lilongwe. National Aquatic Resource Management Programme (NARMAP), Government of Malawi. 272 p. (Ref. 52142)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
極危 (CR) (A2d); Date assessed: 23 May 2018
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00446 - 0.01481), b=2.96 (2.80 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.63 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 12.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.09; tmax=17; tm=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 51.1 [26.2, 102.0] mg/100g; Iron = 1.31 [0.73, 2.42] mg/100g; Protein = 16.8 [15.5, 18.1] %; Omega3 = 0.234 [0.086, 0.588] g/100g; Selenium = 120 [46, 262] μg/100g; VitaminA = 34.8 [11.2, 119.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.02 [0.68, 1.56] mg/100g (wet weight);
