分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Cladistii >
Polypteriformes (Bichirs)
多鰭魚目 (Bichirs) >
Polypteridae (Bichirs)
多鰭魚科 (Bichirs)
Etymology: Erpetoichthys: Greek, erpeton = creeping thing + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335); calabaricus: Named after the locality where the fish was taken: Old Calabar (Ref. 42916).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19; 深度上下限 0 - ? m (Ref. 557). 熱帶; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 1672)
Africa: coastal species, inhabiting river estuaries from Ouémé River in Benin to Sanaga River in Cameroon (Ref. 53784, 81628). Also reported from the Chiloango River (Ref. 1878, 2835, 3188, 42870, 43033, 81263), but this record needs confirmation and needs to be supported by additional material evidence (Ref. 53784, 81628).
非洲: 奈及利亞的歐根河口到在剛果布拉札維的 Chiloango 河.(參考文獻 2835)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 31.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 37.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 81628)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數): 7 - 13; 背的軟條 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 14; 脊椎骨: 110 - 113. Diagnosis: The dorsal fin is composed of a series of well-separated spines each supporting one or several articulated rays and a membrane (Ref. 42791). Erpetoichthys calabaricus is distinguished from all Polypterus species by its very elongated, anguilliform body and the absence of ventral fin and subopercle (Ref. 2835, 42768, 81263).
細長的身體與鰻魚狀的.(參考文獻 42768, 參考文獻 42908) 身體高度 24 倍全長; 頭長 11-14 倍全長.(參考文獻 2835) 頭部沒有子鰓蓋,非常些微地平的, 廣闊地的 1.6-2 倍; 上頜突出的.(參考文獻 2835) 側面的眼睛, 眼-直徑 7.5-8.5 倍頭長.(參考文獻 2835) 背鰭組成份子為一系列的分得很開每個被支撐一或一些被接合的鰭條與一個薄膜的棘.(參考文獻 42791) 身體覆蓋著菱形的硬鱗。 (參考文獻 42791) 在縱向的線上的 106-114個有排孔的鱗片; 30-34 身體的周圍.(參考文獻 2835) 在背部的部份上褐橄欖色與在腹的部分上微白色的, 在胸鰭上的一個大的黑色斑點.(參考文獻 2835)
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Found in slow flowing rivers and standing waters (Ref. 557). Apparently restricted to reedy habitats (Ref. 42768). It moves snake-wise over the bottom, but it can also side-wind quite rapidly through the water (Ref. 42873). Feeds at night on worms, crustaceans and insects (Ref. 7020). Able to breathe air and thus can tolerate low oxygen concentrations. Larvae have external gills and resemble salamander larvae (Ref. 557). The maximum size of 90 cm TL (Ref. 3188) is probably erroneous; the largest size in collections is 37 cm (Ref. 78138).
在慢的流動河與不流動的水域中.(參考文獻 557) 顯然地侷限於蘆葦叢生的棲息地了。 (參考文獻 42768) 它移動像蛇一樣在底部之上，但是它也能相當快速地側轉經過水。 (參考文獻 42873) 晚上捕食蠕蟲，甲殼動物與昆蟲。 (參考文獻 7020) 能呼吸空氣而且如此能容忍溶氧量低的集中。 仔魚有外鰓而且與蠑螈仔魚相似。 (參考文獻 557)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Parallel swimming courtship; female deposits few eggs between anal fins of male, where they are fertilized and then scattered in vegetation where they immediately stick to substrate. This procedure is repeated many times. Eggs are 2.1-2.6 mm in diameter. Larvae hatch after 70 hours but remain attached to vegetation; 22 days after hatching the yolk sac is absorbed and larvae start feeding.非洲: 奈及利亞的歐根河口到在剛果布拉札維的 Chiloango 河.(參考文獻 2835)
Britz, R., 2007. Polypteridae. p. 168-173. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G. Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa. Volume I. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales 42. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, and Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium. 800 pp. (Ref. 81628)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
近危 (NT) (B2a); Date assessed: 07 June 2019
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00166 (0.00112 - 0.00246), b=3.02 (2.91 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.40 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tmax=20; Fec = 264).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
