分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 30 m (Ref. 6390). 亞熱帶的; 17°S - 38°S
Western Pacific: endemic to Australia. Present along the east coast between approximately Cairns, Queensland (Ref.27242) and Gippsland lakes in eastern Victoria.
西太平洋: 澳洲的特有種。 存在的在東方的維多利亞沿著在大約石堆紀念碑，昆士蘭省 (參考文獻 27242) 與吉斯蘭湖之間的東海岸。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 50.2 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 27112); 最大體重: 15.0 kg (Ref. 27248)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數): 8 - 9; 背的軟條 (總數): 13-14; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 13 - 14; 脊椎骨: 27
Generally inhabit shallow bays and inlets and can be found in estuaries as far as tidal limits (Ref. 27246); they often invade freshwater. They occur over mud, silt gravel, sand and seagrass (mainly Zostera species) beds from intertidal areas to depths of 10 m in Queensland and to 30 m in southern New South Wales. Eggs and larvae are dispersed along the coast by tidal and current movements (Ref. 27112). Small juveniles less than 12 cm TL first appear in coastal bays 1-2 months after spawning. They mainly inhabit shallow mangrove and mud flats and seagrass beds (Ref. 27246, 27245). They are usually solitary but may form loose aggregations (Ref. 2165, 27247). Feed on small fish, crabs, prawns, small crustaceans. octopus, squid and polychaete worms. They have spines on the outer edges of their head which can inflict nasty cuts during handling (pers. comm., Bernard Moss, 2001).
通常在河口居住於淺灣與小水灣而且被發現於遠達潮汐的範圍;(參考文獻 27246) 他們時常侵入淡水。 他們在昆士蘭省出現泥，淤泥礫石，沙子與海草 (主要地 Zostera 種) 之上來自潮間帶的沿岸區域到深度的床 10 公尺與對在新南威爾斯南部中的 30 公尺。 卵與仔魚被散佈沿著潮汐的與水流運動的海岸.(參考文獻 27112) 小的稚魚少於 12 公分TL 在產卵數個月之後第一個在近岸海灣 1-2 中出現。 他們主要地居住於水淺的紅樹林與淤泥平台與海草床。 (參考文獻 27246,27245) 他們是通常獨居性的但是可能形成鬆散的魚群.(參考文獻 2165,27247) 捕食小魚，螃蟹，蝦，小型甲殼動物。 章魚, 烏賊與多毛類的蠕蟲。 他們在能在處理的時候施放使人難受的刺傷的他們的頭部的外緣上有棘 (pers. comm。, Bernard Moss,2001).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
There is conflicting information (Ref. 27246, 27245, 27247) on whether dusky flahead are protandrous sex reversers or not.西太平洋: 澳洲的特有種。 存在的在東方的維多利亞沿著在大約石堆紀念碑，昆士蘭省 (參考文獻 27242) 與吉斯蘭湖之間的東海岸。
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.1 - 27.1, mean 25.2 °C (based on 291 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00400 - 0.01577), b=3.08 (2.90 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.52 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.22; tm=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 132 [8, 523] mg/100g; Iron = 2.27 [0.58, 6.12] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [16.9, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.481 [0.216, 1.350] g/100g; Selenium = 54.4 [13.6, 213.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.35 [1.42, 12.68] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.72 [0.34, 1.57] mg/100g (wet weight);
