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Polypteriformes (Bichirs) >
Polypteridae (Bichirs)
Etymology: Polypterus: Greek, poly = a lot of + Greek, pteron = wing, fin (Ref. 45335); bichir: Named after the local name for the fish (Ref. 43537).
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 居于水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶
Africa: The subspecies Polypterus bichir bichir is known from the Chad basin, Nile River basin and Lake Turkana (Ref. 2835, 81263). Reports from Lake Turkana and the Ouémé are questionable as unsupported by photographs or museum specimens (Ref. 122071). The subspecies Polypterus bichir lapradei is known from the rivers Senegal, Gambia, Geba, Volta and Niger (Ref. 2835, 81263).
非洲: 尼羅河，特坎那湖與奧莫河;(參考文獻 2835) 查德湖，沙立河與洛貢河.(參考文獻 2835)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 74.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 81263); 最大体重: 2.7 kg (Ref. 367)
背棘 (总数): 13 - 18; 背的软条 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 13 - 16; 脊椎骨: 61 - 62. Diagnosis: Polypterus bichir is characterized by a lower jaw slightly longer than upper jaw and a pectoral fin reaching the first dorsal ray (Ref. 2835, 42908, 81263). The subspecies P. bichir bichir has 63 to 70 scales in lateral line, 14 to 18 dorsal fin rays and 11 to 13 pelvic fin rays (Ref. 367, 81263). The subspecies P. bichir lapradei has 58 to 68 scales in lateral line, 13 to 15 dorsal fin rays and 13 to 16 pelvic fin rays (Ref. 367, 81263).
近圆柱形的身体; 它的深度 6.8-10.3 倍于体长; 头长 4.1-5.5 倍体长.(参考文献 2835) 头部宽度 1.7-2.3 倍头长, 眼-直径 8.5-13.0 倍头长.(参考文献 2835) 下颌略长于上颌.(参考文献 2835, 参考文献 42908) 背部离鳍的数字: 14-18;(参考文献 42908) 背部的离鳍部分重叠的当摺叠下来.(参考文献 31439) 分枝背鳍与尾鳍鳍条的数字: 19-21.(参考文献 367) 胸鳍延伸到第一背鳍棘。 (参考文献 367) 硬鳞:(参考文献 36900, 参考文献 42904) 63-70个侧线鳞片; 身体的周围 46-54个鳞片; 11-16个前背的鳞片.(参考文献 2835, 参考文献 42908) 侧线鳞片在后缘上有凹槽。 (参考文献 2835) 颜色是橄榄色, 但是白色的在腹的侧边上, 在侧面的侧边上有三条深色的纵向条纹, 那是更看得见的当幼鱼时超过成鱼; 胸鳍与腹鳍有呈绿色而淡黄色的横纹。 (参考文献 367, 参考文献 2835)
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Polypterus bichir bichir likes shallow water and will often lie basking fo hours near the surface, but when swimming the fish is very pliant, and can turn and twist like an eel (Ref. 4904). The eggs are deposited in weeds, where the adult fish guards the eggs and young (Ref. 36900). It feeds on bottom-feeding fish (Ref. 36900) and is essentially piscivorous (Ref. 367).
多鳍鱼［Polypterus bichir bichir］ 类似浅水区而且经常躺着晒太阳 fo 数小时接近水表面, 但是当游泳鱼的时候非常柔软, 而且能像鳗鱼一样扭转与盘绕.(参考文献 4904) 卵被沈积在杂草, 在成鱼鱼保卫卵与幼鱼的地方。 (参考文献 36900) 吃在底部觅食的鱼 (参考文献 36900) 并且实质上以鱼为食。 (参考文献 367)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
非洲: 尼羅河，特坎那湖與奧莫河;(參考文獻 2835) 查德湖，沙立河與洛貢河.(參考文獻 2835)
Gosse, J.P. and J. Daget, 2003. Polypteridae. p. 101-112. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81263)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00195 - 0.01073), b=3.05 (2.85 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
