分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes)
鰈形目 (Flatfishes) >
Scophthalmidae (Turbots)
菱鮃科 (Turbots)
Etymology: Scophthalmus: Greek, skopelos = a lantern fish + Greek, ophthalmos = eyes (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 5 - 50 m (Ref. 6302). 溫帶; 64°N - 26°N, 24°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: 68°N to Morocco. Reported from Iceland (Ref. 12462). Also known throughout the Mediterranean and Black Sea.
東大西洋: 64個 ° N 到摩洛哥。 記錄來自冰島了。 (參考文獻 12462) 也知道在地中海與黑海各處。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 37.0, range 33 - 41 cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 35388); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大體重: 8.0 kg (Ref. 35388); 最大年齡: 6 年 (Ref. 38118)
Thinner and more slender body. Skin with small, smooth scales, without bony tubercle. Able to change color of the eyed side, matching the bottom they rest on. Color is often olive green, with dark and light spots (Ref. 35388).
比較薄與更細長的身體。 皮膚有小的, 平滑的鱗片, 沒有多骨的小瘤。 能改變被與底部匹配的有眼睛的一邊的顏色他們停留在上。 色彩是時常橄欖綠色的, 與深色與淡色的斑點.(參考文獻 35388)
Lives on sandy or mixed bottoms; feeds on bottom-living fishes and larger crustaceans. Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
生活在沙或混合的底部; 吃底棲魚與較大的甲殼動物。 在市場上銷售生鮮和冷凍; 清蒸,油炸,火烤, 煮沸, 微波了而且燒烤了.(參考文獻 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東大西洋: 64個 ° N 到摩洛哥。 記錄來自冰島了。 (參考文獻 12462) 也知道在地中海與黑海各處。
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 10 December 2020
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.4 - 19.5, mean 11.2 °C (based on 472 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5645 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00894 - 0.01345), b=3.01 (2.95 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=-5; tmax=6).
Prior r = 0.47, 95% CL = 0.31 - 0.71, Based on 3 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 37.7 [14.9, 70.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.174 [0.061, 0.770] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.8, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.262 [0.140, 0.491] g/100g; Selenium = 14 [6, 33] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.74 [1.87, 40.75] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.145 [0.082, 0.500] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
