分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 70 m (Ref. 93252), usually 1 - 36 m (Ref. 189). 亞熱帶的; 42°N - 16°N, 99°W - 72°W (Ref. 189)
Western Atlantic: Casco Bay, Maine south to Florida Keys and westward around the Gulf of Mexico south to Yucatán; not in the West Indies.
西大西洋: 緬因州的卡思可灣南至佛羅里達珊瑚礁而且墨西哥灣的周圍向西南至尤卡坦半島; 不是在西印度群島。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 4.3, range 4 - 4.5 cm
Max length : 10.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 189); common length : 6.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 23 - 31. Body variable, more slender in northern populations. Snout fairly blunt, a little over 1/2 eye diameter; maxilla long, tip pointed, reaching beyond hind border of pre-operculum, almost to gill opening; panamensis-type gill cover canals. Anal fin rays rarely 28, its origin below unbranched dorsal fin rays. Anus nearer to pelvic fin tips than to anal fin origin.
身體可變的, 更細長的在北方的族群。 吻非常鈍的, 稍微超過 1/2 眼直徑; 顎骨長的, 頂端尖的, 超過前鰓蓋的後部邊緣, 幾乎到鰓裂; panamensis-類型的鰓蓋運河。 臀鰭棘條很少地 28, 在不分枝的背鰭鰭條之下的它的起源。 超過到臀鰭起源對腹鰭頂端肛門較接近。
More commonly found in shallow tidal areas with muddy bottoms and brackish waters, tolerating a wide range of salinities (virtually fresh to fully saline or hypersaline). Found only in spring and summer in the tidal portion of the Ochlockonee River, Florida. Feed mostly on Mysis and copepods, also small fishes, gastropods and isopods. Breed off North Carolina from late April to mid-July, perhaps through to August. Used to some extent to make anchovy paste (Ref. 189).
更多用被容忍寬範圍的鹽度的泥底部與半鹹淡水域普遍發現於水淺的潮汐區域。 (事實上從淡水到完全鹽或高鹽度) 發現在佛羅里達的 Ochlockonee 河的潮汐部分中只在春天與夏天中。 大部份捕食 Mysis 與橈腳類的動物，也捕食小魚，腹足動物與等足目動物。 繁殖來自遲的四月到七月中旬的外海的北卡羅萊那州, 也許直到八月。 使用範圍製造鯷魚漿。 (參考文獻 189)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 緬因州的卡思可灣南至佛羅里達珊瑚礁而且墨西哥灣的周圍向西南至尤卡坦半島; 不是在西印度群島。
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 誘餌: usually
更多資訊
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.2 - 26.9, mean 24 °C (based on 432 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00419 - 0.00689), b=3.15 (3.11 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K>0.30; tmax=3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 204 [126, 469] mg/100g; Iron = 1.83 [1.02, 3.40] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [15.4, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.543 [0.295, 1.019] g/100g; Selenium = 15.6 [7.4, 36.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.9 [9.4, 78.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.42 [0.97, 2.19] mg/100g (wet weight);
