分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Elopiformes (Tarpons and tenpounders)
海鰱目 (Tarpons and tenpounders) >
Elopidae (Tenpounders)
海鰱科 (Tenpounders)
Etymology: Elops: Greek, ellops = a kind of serpent (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水; 海洋洄游的. 熱帶; 38°N - 37°S, 22°E - 153°W
Indo-Pacific: Mossel Bay in South Africa, to the Red Sea and India, possibly to western Pacific (Ref. 3968).
印度-西太平洋: 紅海到南非的 Mossel 海灣而且東至印度與西太平洋。 非洲: 內陸的水域。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 118 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4967); 最大體重: 10.8 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 20-27; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 14 - 18.
延伸到眼正後方的上頜; 顎上的牙齒絨毛狀的.(參考文獻 4832)
Occurs in coastal waters, but enters lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 4832) [actual freshwater records remain to be confirmed]. Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Young and adults feed on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 5213). Probably spawn at sea, but the transparent larvae migrate to inshore areas and are often found in brackish water (Ref. 7050). Are voracious carnivores that take fish, squid and shrimp bait (Ref. 3968). Edible, but not tasty and full of bones (Ref. 3968). A total length of 126 cm for this species has been reported from Knysna, South Africa (G. Bernardt, pers. comm., e-mail: gerard@smallstreams.com) .
出現於沿岸水域, 但是進入潟湖與河口.(參考文獻 4832) 大洋底棲性魚種.(參考文獻 58302) 幼魚與成魚吃小魚與甲殼動物。 (參考文獻 5213) 可能在海上產卵，但是透明的仔魚迴游到近海區域而且時常被發現於半淡鹹水。 (參考文獻 7050) 捕食魚類的狼吞虎嚥的食肉動物是, 烏賊與蝦以餌引誘嗎。 (參考文獻 3968) 可食用的, 但是不是好吃與充滿硬骨.(參考文獻 3968) 126 公分的全長對於這個魚種已經被記錄自南非的耐斯納 (G. Bernardt ， pers. comm。, 電子郵件: gerard@smallstreams.com).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 紅海到南非的 Mossel 海灣而且東至印度與西太平洋。 非洲: 內陸的水域。
Smith, M.M., 1986. Elopidae. p. 155-156. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3968)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.7 - 28.4, mean 26.9 °C (based on 1366 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5176 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00514 - 0.00889), b=2.99 (2.91 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
