分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Centrarchiformes (Basses) >
Kuhliidae (Aholeholes)
Etymology: Kuhlia: Because of Heindrich Kuhl, 1797-1821; researcher also with lizards (Gekkonidae).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 降海洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 ? - 2 m (Ref. 86942). 熱帶; 32°N - 28°S
Asia and Oceania: Taiwan, Philippines and Indonesia to islands in the Pacific. The name Kuhlia marginata has been misapplied to other species and therefore some literature records may be suspect (Ref. 41640).
亞洲與大洋洲: 台灣，菲律賓與印尼到太平洋的島嶼。 名稱 湯鯉〔Kuhlia marginata〕 已經被誤用於其他的種，而且因此一些文獻記錄可能是嫌疑犯。 (參考文獻 41640)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.9 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 41640)
背棘 (总数): 10; 背的软条 (总数): 10-12; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 11 - 12. Preorbital serrae 18-28; a few fine serrae may be present on suborbital; body depth 2.7-3.05 in SL; orbit diameter 2.75-3.3 in head length; maxilla extending to or slightly beyond a vertical at front edge of pupil; caudal concavity 2.5-3.1 in head length. Silvery, usually with blackish spots posteriorly on dorsal part of body that tends to merge to form bands anteriorly (or the dark pigment is concentrated on scale margins); most of snout and tip of chin blackish; caudal fin pale with a black posterior margin that broadens on lobe tips, then a very broad submarginal pale zone, often preceded by a chevron-shaped blackish band or row of blackish spots parallel with posterior margin; base of caudal fin with small blackish spots; a narrow white margin on soft portion of dorsal and anal fins with a broad blackish submarginal zone anteriorly that narrows posteriorly (broader in dorsal fin than anal) (Ref. 41640).
眶前骨锯齿 18-28; 一些细齿可能是位于眶下骨之上; 体高 2.7-3.05 分之一标准体长; 眼窝直径 2.75-3.3 分之一头长; 颚骨延伸至或略超过瞳孔的在前缘的一条垂直线; 尾部的凹洼 2.5-3.1 分之一头长。 银色的, 通常有黑色的斑点在倾向合并前面地形成条纹的身体的背部部份后面;(或者深色素集中在鳞片边缘) 大部分的吻与下巴的顶端黑色的; 尾鳍灰白的具有一个在叶顶端上扩大的黑色的后缘, 然后一个非常宽的靠近边缘的灰白区, 时常前面有一条锯齿形的黑色条纹或者黑色斑点的列与后缘平行; 尾鳍基底有小的黑色斑点; 在柔软部位上的狭窄的白色边缘前面地背鳍与臀鳍有一个宽的黑色靠近边缘的区域那后面狭窄的 (较宽的在背鳍超过肛门的) 者.(参考文献 41640)
Primarily a freshwater species; extent of penetration into brackish and marine environments uncertain (Ref. 41640). Has been found in moderately deep (1.5-3 m), rocky, unshaded, flowing water areas of mid-hill rivers (Ref. 6028).
主要地一个淡水种; 进入半咸淡水与海洋的环境之内的渗透范围不确定的.(参考文献 41640) 曾经发现于中等深度 (1.5-3 公尺), 岩石的，无遮蔽的, 丘陵中段之河川的流动水域.(参考文献 6028)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
亞洲與大洋洲: 台灣，菲律賓與印尼到太平洋的島嶼。 名稱 湯鯉〔Kuhlia marginata〕 已經被誤用於其他的種，而且因此一些文獻記錄可能是嫌疑犯。 (參考文獻 41640)
Randall, J.E. and H.A. Randall, 2001. Review of the fishes of the genus Kuhlia (Perciformes: Kuhliidae) of the Central Pacific. Pac. Sci. 55(3):227-256. (Ref. 41640)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00690 - 0.02192), b=3.06 (2.90 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (12 of 100).
