Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 50 m (Ref. 7348). Tropical; 30°N - 30°S
Indo-Pacific: East Africa eastward through northern Australia to Hawaiian, Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 14.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 4420); common length : 15.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5450)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 3; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)): 23-26; Duri dubur 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 21 - 23.
Commonly found in subtidal reef flats and shallow protected lagoons, Ref. 48637. Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Juveniles secretive with rubble patches, adults swim about openly but are usually shy (Ref. 48637). Territorial. Feed on algae, detritus, mollusks, crustaceans, worms, sea urchins, fishes, corals, tunicates, forams, and eggs (Ref. 3921). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Sleep on its side; makes a whirring noise when alarmed (Ref. 4420). Also caught with drive-in nets and is considered a popular aquarium fish (Ref. 9770).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Mating system may be a mixture of polygyny, monogamy, and potential promiscuity in solitary females but the primary mating system considered for this species is polygyny (Ref. 116439). Females are territorial, solely tending and guarding the eggs (Ref. 116451). Males exhibit polygyny (Ref. 116451).
Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 130160)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Akuarium: Komersial
informasi lanjut
AcuanBudidaya airprofil budidaya airStrainGenetikaElectrophoresesDiturunkanPenyakit-penyakitPengolahanNutrientsMass conversion
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29, mean 27.7 °C (based on 1010 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.01109 - 0.03275), b=2.93 (2.78 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (K=0.4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 46.5 [19.5, 110.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.619 [0.323, 1.399] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.2, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.115 [0.058, 0.223] g/100g; Selenium = 34.7 [18.2, 72.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 54.6 [15.8, 190.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.12 [0.76, 1.64] mg/100g (wet weight);