分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Labridae (Wrasses)
隆頭魚科 (Wrasses)
Etymology: Symphodus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 非遷移的, usually 1 - 30 m (Ref. 35388). 溫帶; 63°N - 28°N, 32°W - 25°E
Eastern Atlantic: Norway to Morocco and the Azores. Also known from the western Mediterranean and Adriatic seas.
東大西洋: 挪威到摩洛哥與亞速群島。 也已知來自地中海西部與亞得里亞海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 8.5, range 7 - 10 cm
Max length : 28.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4742); common length : 20.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4742); 最大年齡: 9 年 (Ref. 4742)
背棘 (總數): 14 - 17; 背的軟條 (總數): 8-10; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 11. A few cephalic pores (7-12) on snout. Lips with 5-7 folds. Scales on temporo-occipital surface 3-5 rows; on inter-operculum 2-3 (6-13) scales; on cheek 4-7; behind eye 1. A small dark spot on caudal peduncle. Often 5 large brown blotches near dorsal fin. Females and young: with numerous spots on body more or less longitudinally lined, some sinuous lines on head (Ref. 231). Coloration very variable; ground color of the male is greenish or blue while females are brownish to yellowish (Ref. 35388).
在吻上的一些頭部的孔 (7-12)。 嘴唇有 5-7 摺層。 在 temporo 上的鱗片-後頭骨表面 3-5 列; 在之中上-鰓蓋 2-3(6-13) 鱗片; 在頰上 4-7; 在眼 1 後面. 一種小的深色斑點在尾梗上。 時常在背鰭附近的 5個大的褐色斑塊。 雌性與幼魚: 在身體上的有很多的斑點約略縱向地線, 在頭部上的一些彎曲的線.(參考文獻 231) 顏色非常可變的; 雄魚的底色是呈綠色或者藍色的，雌性是褐色的到淡黃色的.(參考文獻 35388)
This schooling, territorial fish occurs in the littoral zone, near rocks and eel-grass beds, also in lagoons. In summer ripe females show short ovipositor. Seaweed nest built by male among rocks or in crevices. Sex reversal sometimes observed. Feed on mollusks, hydroids, bryozoans, worms and various crustaceans (Ref. 4742). Males grow faster than females (Ref. 4742). Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
這群游性, 在岩石與鰻草床的附近，具有領域性魚出現於海濱的區域中, 也在潟湖中。 在夏天，成熟的雌性顯示短的產卵管。 被在岩石之中的雄魚建造的海草巢或在裂隙中。 性別反轉有時觀察。 吃軟體動物，水息蟲，苔蘚蟲類，蠕蟲與各種不同的甲殼動物。 (參考文獻 4742)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Sex reversal sometimes observed. Seaweed nest built by male among rocks or in crevices (Ref. 4742). Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).東大西洋: 挪威到摩洛哥與亞速群島。 也已知來自地中海西部與亞得里亞海。
Quignard, J.-P. and A. Pras, 1986. Labridae. p. 919-942. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4742)
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.8 - 17.2, mean 10.5 °C (based on 514 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00572 - 0.01326), b=3.10 (2.98 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.21-0.41; tm=2-3; tmax=9).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 19.5 [8.0, 34.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.208 [0.114, 0.446] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [15.8, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.366 [0.197, 0.695] g/100g; Selenium = 6.08 [2.79, 13.51] μg/100g; VitaminA = 78.2 [19.8, 379.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.715 [0.465, 1.300] mg/100g (wet weight);
