分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 底中水層性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 868 m (Ref. 58496), usually 50 - 150 m (Ref. 4701). 極; 3°C - 11°C (Ref. 127841); 80°N - 32°N, 95°W - 49°E
Western Atlantic: Nunavut, Hudson Bay to James Bay and Labrador in Canada to New Jersey in USA; rarely to Chesapeake Bay in USA and Bermuda. Eastern Atlantic: Barents Sea, Iceland and Greenland to Spain (Ref. 4701).
西大西洋: Nunavut, 到在美國的加拿大到紐澤西州的詹姆士海灣與拉布拉多的哈得遜灣; 很少地到美國的切薩皮克海灣與百慕達群島。 東大西洋: 巴倫支海，冰島與格陵蘭到西班牙.(參考文獻 4701)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 61.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 58426); 42.9 cm SL (female); 最大體重: 9.5 kg (Ref. 4701); 最大體重: 9.5 kg; 最大年齡: 13 年 (Ref. 54207)
背棘 (總數): 5 - 9; 背的軟條 (總數): 9-11; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 10; 脊椎骨: 28 - 29. First dorsal fin present but covered by thick layer of skin forming a characteristic high crest with embedded spines. Bony tubercles present, arranged in 3 widely separated rows of large flattened tubercles on each side of body. Gill openings large, extend- extending below level of upper pectoral fin ray. Pyloric present 36-79. Ventral sucking disc formed by the modified pelvic fin (Ref. 232).
第一背鰭呈現但是被形成一個獨特的高冠的皮膚的厚層有深嵌的棘蓋著。 多骨的小瘤呈現,在身體的兩邊上排列成 3 分開很遠的列大的平小瘤。 鰓裂大的, 延伸- 向下延伸上面胸鰭鰭條的水平。 幽門的呈現 36-79. 腹面吸盤由變異的腹鰭形成了。 (參考文獻 232)
Basically solitary rather than a schooling fish. They exhibit a homing instinct (Ref. 9737). Adults inhabit rocky bottoms but may occur among floating seaweed. They migrate considerable distances in an annual cycle between deeper waters in winter and shallower waters in summer (Ref. 26141). Maximum depth reported at 868 m (Ref. 58426). Epibenthic-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Juveniles are found among algal clumps in bays and fjords moving offshore as they mature (Ref. 96431). During the spawning season the males become reddish in color on the underside, whereas females turn blue-green. Adults feed on ctenophores, medusas, small crustaceans, polychaetes, jelly fish and small fishes. Valued for their eggs, which make an inexpensive caviar (Ref. 9988). Eaten in Nordic countries, marketed fresh or smoked. Male flesh is most demanded and roe is sold fresh (Ref. 35388).
基本上獨居性而不是一個群游性魚。 展現歸巢的本能.(參考文獻 9737) 棲息於岩石底部但是可能出現在漂浮的海草之中。 在夏天在較深的水域冬天時和較水淺的水域之間的一個一年一次的周期迴游相當多的距離。 (參考文獻 26141) 最大的深度在 868 公尺報告。 (參考文獻 58426) 淺海底棲-大洋性.(參考文獻 58426) 在產卵季節的時候，雄魚在下面上變成淡紅顏色, 然而母魚是藍綠色。 吃櫛水母，水母，小型甲殼動物，多毛類動物，水母與小魚。 重要的是他們的卵., 製造一個便宜的魚子醬.(參考文獻 9988) 在被在市場上銷售新鮮或燻製的北歐人的國家被吃。 雄性肉是需求最多，而且魚白生鮮地被賣。 (參考文獻 35388)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Eggs are laid in large numbers on stony bottoms (Ref. 9900). Male guards egg-mass aggressively.西大西洋: Nunavut, 到在美國的加拿大到紐澤西州的詹姆士海灣與拉布拉多的哈得遜灣; 很少地到美國的切薩皮克海灣與百慕達群島。 東大西洋: 巴倫支海，冰島與格陵蘭到西班牙.(參考文獻 4701)
Stein, D.L., 1986. Cyclopteridae. p. 1269-1274. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. III. (Ref. 4701)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.6 - 11.4, mean 7.1 °C (based on 732 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02630 (0.01091 - 0.06342), b=2.99 (2.78 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.12; tm=3-5; tmax=13; Fec=100,000).
Prior r = 0.17, 95% CL = 0.10 - 0.27, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14 [4, 76] mg/100g; Iron = 0.419 [0.153, 1.089] mg/100g; Protein = 14 [11, 18] %; Omega3 = 0.423 [0.162, 1.406] g/100g; Selenium = 26.2 [8.8, 69.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.4 [2.4, 72.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.52 [0.20, 0.90] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
