分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Echinorhiniformes (Bramble sharks) >
Echinorhinidae (Bramble sharks)
Etymology: Echinorhinus: echinos (Gr.), spiny or sea urchin, referring to thorn-like denticles (brambles) on body; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, alluding to a shark’s jagged, rasp-like skin. (See ETYFish); brucus: Latin for caterpillar, presumably referring to “Chenille” or “Chenille de mer” (Sea Caterpillar), local names for this shark along the Atlantic Coast of France (type locality) in the 18th century. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Bonnaterre.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 深海底的; 深度上下限 10 - 900 m (Ref. 27121), usually 350 - 900 m (Ref. 45445). 深水域; 72°N - 55°S, 98°W - 173°W (Ref. 54427)
Western Atlantic: Virginia, Massachusetts, USA; Venezuela, Argentina. Eastern Atlantic: North Sea to Mediterranean, Morocco to Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Indian Ocean: India, Mozambique, South Africa. Western Pacific: Japan, southern Australia, New Zealand. Records from Oman and Kiribati uncertain. Apparently absent in the Eastern Pacific (Ref. 6578).
西大西洋: 維吉尼亞, 美國麻薩諸塞州; 阿根廷。 東大西洋: 北海至地中海, 摩洛哥到南非好望角。 西印度洋: 印度，莫三比克，南非。 西太平洋: 日本，澳洲南部，紐西蘭。 來自阿曼的紀錄與吉爾巴斯不確定的。 顯然地不存在於東太平洋。 (參考文獻 6578)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 200 - ? cm
Max length : 310 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 247); common length : 200 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 26999)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 0. The bramble shark Echinorhinus brucus has thorn-like denticles on body which are very large (single denticles up to about 15mm in basal diameter in adults), sparse irregularly distributed and thorn-like with smooth basal margins, some bases fused into compound plates. Dorsal surface dark purplish-grey to brown with white denticles, ventral surface paler; sides and back may have dark spots. Tooth count 20-26/21-26.As with the other member of the family Echinorhinidae, it has a relatively short snout and stout body; two small spineless dorsal fins, close together, towards posterior part of body and originating behind pelvic fin origin. No anal fin and subterminal notch on caudal fin. Small spiracles, very short labial furrows and teeth on both jaws alike, with a central oblique bladelike cusps with up to 3 cusplets on each side (absent in juveniles) (Ref. 247, 6871, 5578).
荆棘鲨鱼 棘鲨［Echinorhinus brucus］ 有在身体上的像刺一样的细齿那是非常大的 (单一细齿达到大约在基部的直径中的 15 mm 当成鱼时), 稀疏的不规则地分布了与像刺一样的底边平滑的, 一些基底融合成复合的碟了。 背面暗紫灰色褐色的有白色的细齿，腹面灰白; 侧面与背面可能有深色斑点。 牙齿数目 20-26/21-26.与棘鲨科的另一个成员相较, 它有一个相当短的吻与矮胖的身体; 二个小的无棘背鳍, 靠拢在一起, 向身体后部而且在腹鳍起点后面开始。 没有在尾鳍上的臀鳍与接近端位的凹槽。 小的呼吸孔, 非常短的唇沟而且一样牙齿在双颚, 具有一个中央的斜角刀状尖端在两边 (不存在于稚鱼) 上多达 3 cusplets.(参考文献 247,6871,5578)
A rare (Ref. 26346), large, sluggish, deepwater shark found on continental and insular shelves and upper slopes (Ref. 247). Sometimes found in shallow water (Ref. 247). Feeds on smaller sharks, bony fishes, and crabs (Ref. 247). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205), with 15-26 young in a litter (26346). Never recorded as attacking people. Sometimes hooked by shore anglers (Ref. 5578). Processed into fishmeal. May be used in traditional medicine in southern Africa (Ref. 5578).
一只稀有的 (参考文献 26346) ﹐大的﹐和缓动性又深水的鲨鱼发现于大陆棚与岛屿棚与上层斜坡了。 (参考文献 247) 有时发现于浅水区。 (参考文献 247) 吃较小的鲨鱼，硬骨鱼类与螃蟹。 (参考文献 247) 卵胎生的 (参考文献 205), 具有 15-26 幼鱼在一胎.(26346) 从未记录到攻击人。 有时被岸钓者钓获.(参考文献 5578) 加工成鱼粉了。 可能是在非洲南部中被用于传统的药。 (参考文献 5578)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Ovoviviparous. 15 to 26 young in a litter (Ref. 26346). Size at birth between 29 and 90 cm. Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Size at maturity unknown but adult males of 150 cm and adult females of 213 cm have been reported (Ref. 6871).西大西洋: 維吉尼亞, 美國麻薩諸塞州; 阿根廷。 東大西洋: 北海至地中海, 摩洛哥到南非好望角。 西印度洋: 印度，莫三比克，南非。 西太平洋: 日本，澳洲南部，紐西蘭。 來自阿曼的紀錄與吉爾巴斯不確定的。 顯然地不存在於東太平洋。 (參考文獻 6578)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
濒危 (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 21 November 2019
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4.1 - 13.9, mean 8.5 °C (based on 1524 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00363 (0.00139 - 0.00949), b=3.13 (2.90 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.7 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Fec= 15-24).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
