分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Echinorhiniformes (Bramble sharks)
角鯊目 (Bramble sharks) >
Echinorhinidae (Bramble sharks)
棘鯊科 (Bramble sharks)
Etymology: Echinorhinus: echinos (Gr.), spiny or sea urchin, referring to thorn-like denticles (brambles) on body; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, alluding to a shark’s jagged, rasp-like skin. (See ETYFish); cookei: In honor of the “distinguished conchologist” Charles Montague Cook, Jr. (1874-1948), Bishop Museum (Honolulu), for his “helpful assistance” with Pietschmann’s work (per Pietschmann 1930). (See ETYFish).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 底中水層性; 深度上下限 11 - 1100 m (Ref. 26346), usually 70 - ? m (Ref. 6871). 亞熱帶的; 47°N - 55°S, 119°E - 68°W (Ref. 54428)
Western Pacific: Japan (Ref. 6871), Taiwan, Palau, Australia (Ref. 6871) and New Zealand. Eastern Pacific: Hawaii, USA, Gulf of California, and from Costa Rica to Peru and Chile (Ref. 13564). Also reported in Nicaragua (Ref. 13613).
西太平洋: 日本 (參考文獻 6871) ，台灣，帛琉，澳洲 (參考文獻 6871) 與紐西蘭。 東太平洋: 夏威夷，美國，加州灣, 與從哥斯大黎加到祕魯與智利.(參考文獻 13564) 也在尼加拉瓜報告。 (參考文獻 13613)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 275.0, range 250 - 300 cm
Max length : 400 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 247)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 0; 脊椎骨: 89. The prickly shark Echinorhinus cookei has thorn-like denticles on body which are moderately large (single denticles up to about 4mm in basal diameter in adults), numerous, regularly distributed, with scalloped basal margins, and never fused into compound plates. Grayish brown in color, with black distal fin margins; white around mouth and on ventral surface of snout. Tooth count 21-23/20-22. Total vertebrae 89; precaudal 59. As with the other member of the family Echinorhinidae, it has a relatively short snout and stout body; two small spineless dorsal fins, close together, towards posterior part of body and originating behind pelvic fin origin. No anal fin and subterminal notch on caudal fin. Small spiracles, very short labial furrows and teeth on both jaws alike, with a central oblique bladelike cusps with up to 3 cusplets on each side (absent in juveniles) (Ref. 247, 6871).
多刺的鯊魚 笠鱗鮫〔Echinorhinus cookei〕 有在身體上的像刺一樣的細齒那是中等大的 (單一細齒達到大約在基部的直徑中的 4 mm 當成魚時) ﹐很多的, 經常地分佈了, 與有荷葉邊的基部邊緣, 而且從不融合成複合的碟。 淺灰褐色的顏色, 有黑色的末梢部的鰭邊緣; 嘴的周圍與在吻的腹面上的白色。 牙齒數目 21-23/20-22. 脊椎骨總數 89; 尾前椎 59. 與棘鯊科的另一個成員相較, 它有一個相當短的吻與矮胖的身體; 二個小的無棘背鰭, 靠攏在一起, 向身體後部而且在腹鰭起點後面開始。 沒有在尾鰭上的臀鰭與接近端位的凹槽。 小的呼吸孔, 非常短的唇溝而且一樣牙齒在雙顎, 具有一個中央的斜角刀狀尖端在兩邊 (不存在於稚魚) 上多達 3 cusplets.(參考文獻 247,6871)
A large, sluggish shark occurring on continental and insular shelves and upper slopes (Ref. 247). Feeds on a variety of fishes, other sharks, octopi and squids (Ref. 13564). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205), with up to 114 in a litter (Ref. 26346).
出現於大陸棚與島嶼棚與上層斜坡上的一隻大又緩動性的鯊魚.(參考文獻 247) Engybenthic 在 11-650 點, 通常在 >69 公尺.(參考文獻 58302) 吃多種魚，其他的鯊魚，章魚與烏賊。 (參考文獻 13564) 卵胎生的 (參考文獻 205), 多達 114 一胎.(參考文獻 26346)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Presumably ovoviviparous (Ref. 6871) with up to 114 in a litter (Ref. 26346).Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Size at birth 40-45 cm. Some males mature by 198 cm; females mature between 250 and 300 cm (Ref. 6871).西太平洋: 日本 (參考文獻 6871) ，台灣，帛琉，澳洲 (參考文獻 6871) 與紐西蘭。 東太平洋: 夏威夷，美國，加州灣, 與從哥斯大黎加到祕魯與智利.(參考文獻 13564) 也在尼加拉瓜報告。 (參考文獻 13613)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 3.8 - 19.5, mean 12.1 °C (based on 522 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00363 (0.00139 - 0.00949), b=3.13 (2.90 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.76 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 6.19 [1.46, 29.11] mg/100g; Iron = 0.439 [0.108, 1.332] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [17.9, 21.5] %; Omega3 = 0.244 [0.092, 0.736] g/100g; Selenium = 56.1 [16.6, 203.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10 [3, 45] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.382 [0.183, 0.729] mg/100g (wet weight);
