分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 0 - 150 m (Ref. 9710). 熱帶; 34°N - 23°S, 31°E - 138°W (Ref. 5222)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to South Africa and eastward to French Polynesia. Reported from the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819). Reports by Heemstra & Randall (1984, Ref. 3153) from the Gulf of Oman, Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka are unsubstantiated. Absent from the Persian Gulf and is not yet known from Lakshadweep Islands.
印度-太平洋: 紅海到南非與向東至法屬玻里尼西亞。 記錄來自阿拉弗拉海了。 (參考文獻 9819) 報告從阿曼灣，巴基斯坦，印度與斯里蘭卡是未證實的由 Heemstra& Randall(1984, 參考文獻 3153)。 波斯灣沒有出現與是從拉克沙群島尚未知道。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 11441); 最大體重: 7.0 kg (Ref. 30874)
背棘 (總數): 9; 背的軟條 (總數): 14-16; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 9. This species is distinguished by the following characters: greatest body depth 2.5-3.0 times in standard length (for specimens 13-39 cm SL); head length 2.3-2.5 times in SL; longitudinal scale series 95-108; ctenoid scales on body, including abdomen; caudal fin rounded; pelvic fins not reaching or just about the anus, 1.9-2.3 in HL. Colour of body orange-red, with small blue spots sparsely scattered but more densely on head and median fins; head also with elongated blue spots and lines; body with 4 dark bars (sometimes very faint) merging dorsally with blackish blotches at base of dorsal fin and extending onto the fin; 2 similar but smaller dark bar/blotches on caudal peduncle (Ref. 39231, 90102).
Adults are found in rich coastal to outer reefs, usually along deep walls with caves, rich with invertebrate growth such as large sponges or soft corals (Ref. 48635). They occur singly or in small groups (Ref. 90102). A secretive species which are active nocturnally in shallow water and diurnally in deeper water (Ref. 5222). They are often seen with the cleaner shrimp Periclimenes elegans (Ref. 37816). Adults feed mainly on fishes (Ref. 5222) and reach sexual maturity at 25 cm SL (Ref. 89707). Probably of commercial interest to certain local fisheries. Are caught with hook-and-line, traps, and spear (Ref. 39231). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
發現於豐饒的岸礁到外海岩礁了, 通常沿著深的有洞穴的牆有豐富的無脊椎的成長例如大的海綿或軟珊瑚.(參考文獻 48635) 一個躲躲藏藏的種。 夜間在淺水區與白天在較深的水域活動。 (參考文獻 5222) 時常與清潔工蝦 Periclimenes elegans 一起出現。 (參考文獻 37816) 主要吃魚。 (參考文獻 5222)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 紅海到南非與向東至法屬玻里尼西亞。 記錄來自阿拉弗拉海了。 (參考文獻 9819) 報告從阿曼灣，巴基斯坦，印度與斯里蘭卡是未證實的由 Heemstra& Randall(1984, 參考文獻 3153)。 波斯灣沒有出現與是從拉克沙群島尚未知道。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.7 - 28.5, mean 27.2 °C (based on 881 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00590 - 0.02687), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 42.7 [25.3, 74.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.56 [0.32, 1.08] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.7, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.175 [0.110, 0.278] g/100g; Selenium = 48 [26, 84] μg/100g; VitaminA = 116 [44, 354] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.721 [0.509, 1.162] mg/100g (wet weight);
