分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 8 - 50 m (Ref. 9806). 亚热带的; 35°N - 28°S
Southeast Atlantic: off Swakopmund, Namibia (Ref. 11228). Indo-Pacific and Eastern Pacific: South Africa east through Indonesia to the Easter Island and Peru, north to southern Japan, Hawaii, and southern California, south to New Caledonia, New South Wales and Kermadec Islands (Ref. 8879).
东南大西洋: 外海的那米比亚的斯瓦克普.(参考文献 11228) 印度-太平洋与东太平洋: 南非向东经过印度尼西亚到复活岛与秘鲁, 北至日本南部，夏威夷与南加州, 南至新加勒多尼亚，新南韦尔斯与科玛狄克群岛.(参考文献 8879)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 34.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 583)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 9; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 9. Small spine on back and short spines before eyes (Ref. 3141). Caudal fin rays 10 (Ref. 1602).
小的棘背面与在眼之前的矮棘.(参考文献 3141) 尾鳍鳍条 10.(参考文献 1602)
Inhabit coral and rocky reefs of coastal areas (Ref. 9806, 48637). Also common on offshore sand and mudflats (Ref. 48637). Young fish occur in oceanic waters, at or near the surface (Ref. 2850); semi-transparent young may enter estuaries (Ref. 3141). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feed on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 9806). A large number of juveniles were found in the stomachs of flatheads (Ref. 48637).
栖息于沿岸区域的珊瑚礁与岩礁。 (参考文献 9806,48637) 也常见于外海沙子与泥滩。 很多的稚鱼被发现于牛尾鱼的腹部。 (参考文献 48637) 幼鱼出现在大洋性水域, 在或接近水表面;(参考文献 2850) 半透明的幼鱼可能进入河口。 (参考文献 3141) 吃底栖的无脊椎动物。 (参考文献 9806)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
东南大西洋: 外海的那米比亚的斯瓦克普.(参考文献 11228) 印度-太平洋与东太平洋: 南非向东经过印度尼西亚到复活岛与秘鲁, 北至日本南部，夏威夷与南加州, 南至新加勒多尼亚，新南韦尔斯与科玛狄克群岛.(参考文献 8879)
Matsuura, K., 2001. Ostraciidae. Boxfishes. p. 3948-3951. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9806)
人类利用
渔业: 没有兴趣; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.3 - 29, mean 27.7 °C (based on 844 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03548 (0.01700 - 0.07404), b=2.81 (2.62 - 3.00), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Fec assumed to be > 10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 26.6 [10.0, 92.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.618 [0.303, 1.438] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [17.0, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.184 [0.091, 0.354] g/100g; Selenium = 16.9 [7.0, 38.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27.5 [6.9, 127.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.88 [0.55, 1.41] mg/100g (wet weight);
