Elasmobranchii (hajar och rockor) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Arhynchobatidae (Softnose skates)
Etymology: Bathyraja: Greek, bathys = deep + Latin, raja, -ae = a ray (Raja sp) (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 91 - 500 m (Ref. 5179). Polar; 48°S - 65°S, 79°W - 84°E
Southern Ocean: Orkney and South Shetland islands to the Antarctic Peninsula. Probably more widespread in continental waters into the Weddell Sea and eastward as well as into the Pacific Ocean sector westward. Southeast Pacific: Chile (Ref. 9068).
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. )
Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 15.66 cm long and 8.0 cm wide (Ref. 41249). Regularly taken as bycatch in trawl hauls and may be used as fishmeal. Minimum depth from Ref. 58018.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: husbehovsfiske
Ytterligare information
Age/SizeTillväxtLength-weightLength-lengthLength-frequenciesMorfometriMorfologiLarverLarvdynamikRekryteringAbundansBRUVS
referenserVattenbrukVattenbruksprofilAvelslinjerGenetikElectrophoresesÄrftlighetSjukdomarBehandlingNutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): -1.4 - 1.2, mean -0.2 °C (based on 89 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00525 (0.00319 - 0.00862), b=3.12 (2.98 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 6.04 [1.09, 30.37] mg/100g; Iron = 0.282 [0.065, 0.876] mg/100g; Protein = 15.8 [13.3, 18.4] %; Omega3 = 0.46 [0.15, 1.81] g/100g; Selenium = 12.6 [3.8, 40.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.31 [1.82, 39.43] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.293 [0.145, 0.539] mg/100g (wet weight);
![Image of Bathyraja maccaini (McCain\](/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Bamac_j0.jpg "Image of Bathyraja maccaini (McCain\")
