Gerres longirostris, Strongspine silver-biddy : fisheries

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Gerres longirostris (Lacepède, 1801)

Strongspine silver-biddy
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Gerres longirostris   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Gerres longirostris (Strongspine silver-biddy)
Gerres longirostris
Picture by Moosleitner, H.

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) 鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Gerreidae (Mojarras) 銀鱸科 (Mojarras)
Etymology: Gerres: Latin, gerres = a kind of anchovies; cited by Plinius.
More on author: Lacepède.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 86942). 熱帶; 32°N - 36°S, 24°E - 170°W

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and South Africa to the Marquesas Islands, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to Australia. Also reported from Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964).
印度-太平洋: 紅海與南非至馬可薩斯群島, 北至琉球群島, 南至澳洲。

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm 20.6  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 44.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 90102); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5450)

簡短描述 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數): 9; 背的軟條 (總數): 10; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 7. Live specimens' head and trunk sides olive-green above, becoming silvery below; snout region blackish dorsally; dorsal fin membrane with faint black blotches or small spots at each spine and ray, just above edge of scaly basal sheath, silvery anteriorly on 1st-5th dorsal spine, grading to hyaline on spinous and soft dorsal fin; anal fin scaly basal sheath silver; distal part of pelvic fin between 1st-5th soft rays often white or hyaline for 1/5-1/3 of ray length, other parts hyaline or slightly yellowish; pectoral and anal fins hyaline. Caudal fin dusky with broad darker margin posteriorly which may be indistinct in old or poorly preserved specimens; ventral edge of lower caudal fin lobe white or bluish-white. Generally, body with prominent dark stripes along scale rows above lateral line (distinct in preserved specimens); 4-9 somewhat oblique dusky bars or columns of ovoid dark spots immediately below lateral line in specimens over 10 cm SL (dusky bars on less than 10 cm) but more apparent in preserved or stressed individuals. Scales between 5th dorsal fin spine base and lateral line 5-6.5 (modally 5.5). Upper jaw extending vertically beyond anteriormost margin of dermal eye opening, sometimes reaching to vertical at anterior margin of pupil. Second dorsal fin spine longest, 17-25% SL (Ref. 41108, 4372). Pre-opercle lower flange scaled. Body depth max 2.3-2.8 in SL. Pectoral fins reaches to or beyond level of anal-fin origin; caudal fin forked deeply (Ref. 90102). Pelvic fin of Red Sea specimens solid yellow with a narrow white distal margin; anal fin with a yellow tinge between the first rays; pectoral fin base with a dark brown spot (Horst Moosleitner, personal communication, homosub@aon.at). Examination of the meristic and morphometric data of the syntypes of G. lineolatus and G. rueppellii, and holotype of G. darnleyense showed all these are subadult or young specimens of G. longirostris (Ref. 41108).
生活標本的頭部與軀幹側邊橄欖綠色的上方, 下面變成銀色; 吻區域黑色的背面; 背鰭薄膜在每根棘與鰭條有模糊的黑色斑塊或小的斑點,在有鱗基部的鞘的邊緣的正上方, 銀色的前面地在第一-第 5 上背棘, 漸層色到透明的在刺狀與軟的背鰭上; 臀鰭有鱗的基部鞘銀色的; 在第一-第 5 軟鰭條之間的腹鰭的末梢部部份時常白色或透明的為 1/5- 鰭條長度的 1/3, 其他部分透明或些微淡黃色; 胸鰭與臀鰭透明的。 尾鰭暗色的有寬深色邊緣在後部那可能是不明顯的在古老的或保存不良的標本中; 下尾部鰭葉的腹面邊緣白色或藍白色的。 通常, 身體有突出的深色斑紋沿著鱗片列在側線上面;(明顯特徵是保存的標本) 卵形深色的斑點的 4-9個略微斜暗色橫紋或縱紋緊鄰側線下方在超過 10 公分 SL(暗色的條紋在少於 10 公分上) 的標本中但是更明顯的在保存或受驚嚇的個體中。 在第 5個背鰭棘基底與側線 5-6.5 之間的鱗片.(典型地 5.5) 上頜垂直地延伸超過眼皮開口的最前緣, 有時延伸到垂直的在瞳孔的前緣。 第二背鰭鰭棘長的,17-25% SL.(參考文獻 41108,4372) 與 G. oblongus 相較, G. longirostris 有一個較大的體高,平均的 39% SL;(對 33% SL) 較小的眼窩直徑, 意謂 10% SL;(對 12% SL) 而且第三根臀鰭棘的較大的長度, 平均12% SL.(對 10% SL) G. lineolatus G. rueppellii 的 syntypes 的體節與型態特徵資料的調查 , 與 G. darnleyense 的 holotype 顯示所有的這些是亞成魚或 G. longirostris 的幼魚標本.(參考文獻 41108) 紅海標本的腹鰭純黃色的具有一個狹窄的白色末梢部的邊緣; 在第一個鰭條之間的臀鰭有一個淡黃的色彩; 胸鰭基底具有一個深褐色的斑點。 (地壘 Moosleitner ,個人的溝通, homosub@aon.at)

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Adults often in clear coastal waters up to about 50 m depth; juveniles often in estuaries or lagoons influenced by fresh water (Ref. 41108); they prefer shallow waters over sandy bottoms, from coral reefs to brackish waters (Ref. 30573). Fry about 10 cm in length enter the estuaries and stay until they reach maturity (Ref. 34363). Occur singly or in groups (Ref. 9710). Feed on small bottom invertebrates (Ref. 3409). In the Gilberts, the species forms spawning aggregations for a few days around the new moon (Ref. 37816). Sold fresh in markets; processed into fishmeal. Also taken with stake-nets (Ref. 3409).

常見於清澈的沿岸水域中的成魚達到大約 50 公尺深; 常見於河口或被淡水影響的潟湖中的稚魚;(參考文獻 41108) 偏愛淺水域沙質底部之上, 從珊瑚礁到半鹹淡水域。 (參考文獻 30573) 各別地生存或成群.(參考文獻 9710) 在吉柏特中,它形成新月期的周圍產卵群集數天。 (參考文獻 37816) 生鮮販賣在市場中了; 加工成魚粉了。 吃小的底棲無脊椎動物。 也用標樁網捕獲。 (參考文獻 3409)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

印度-太平洋: 紅海與南非至馬可薩斯群島, 北至琉球群島, 南至澳洲。

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Woodland, David J. | 合作者

Iwatsuki, Y., S. Kimura and T. Yoshino, 2001. Redescription of Gerres longirostris (Lacepède, 1801) and Gerres oblongus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830, included in the Gerres longirostris complex (Perciformes: Gerreidae). Copeia 2001(4):954-965. (Ref. 41108)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 02 March 2015

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  無害處的





人類使用

漁業: 商業性
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | 周邊海洋

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 24.7 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 3461 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00612 - 0.01792), b=3.05 (2.91 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  3.5   ±0.34 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=9; k=0.23-0.29; tm=1.5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 41.9 [19.9, 71.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.5 [0.2, 0.9] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.6, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.146 [0.083, 0.247] g/100g; Selenium = 30.9 [17.0, 54.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 72 [19, 228] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.33 [0.91, 1.87] mg/100g (wet weight);