Epinephelus labriformis, Starry grouper : fisheries

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Epinephelus labriformis (Jenyns, 1840)

Starry grouper
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Image of Epinephelus labriformis (Starry grouper)
Epinephelus labriformis
Picture by Allen, G.R.

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Jenyns.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 50 m (Ref. 118646). 熱帶; 31°N - 10°S, 115°W - 77°W (Ref. 5222)

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: Baja California, Mexico to Peru, including the offshore islands of Cocos, Revillagigedo, and the Galapagos Islands.
東太平洋: 墨西哥的下加利福尼亞到祕魯, 包括可可島,雷維拉吉哥多島的離岸島嶼, 與加拉巴哥群島。

大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 11035)

簡短描述 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數): 11; 背的軟條 (總數): 16-18; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: olive green to reddish brown with scattered irregular white and brown spots and blotches; white triangle at the margin of the interspinous dorsal-fin membranes and bright white tag at the tip of each spine; juveniles with black spots on the top of head and median fins reddish distally with white edge; small black saddle on peduncle; inside of mouth is red; depth of body contained 2.7-3.1 times in SL; head length 2.2-2.5 times in SL; flat interorbital area; rounded preopercle, finely serrate, slightly enlarged ventral serrae; smooth subopercle and interopercle; slightly convex upper edge of operculum; subequal anterior and posterior nostrils (Ref. 89707).

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Adults are most abundant in shallow water and also occurs to a depth of at least 30 m. Inhabits rocky area of coastal waters within continental shelf (Ref. 11035). A solitary predator that seems to feed on smaller fishes by day and crustaceans after dark. Spawning occurs in late summer (Ref. 5592).

成魚是最豐富在淺水區以及出現到深度至少 30 公尺。 棲息於大陸棚裡面的沿岸水域的岩石的區域。 (參考文獻 11035) 似乎的一種獨居性掠食者白天覓食較小的魚與黃昏以後甲殼動物。 在夏末產卵。 (參考文獻 5592)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

東太平洋: 墨西哥的下加利福尼亞到祕魯, 包括可可島,雷維拉吉哥多島的離岸島嶼, 與加拉巴哥群島。

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 December 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  無害處的





人類使用

漁業: 低經濟
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

更多資訊

國家
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Stocks
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食物消耗量
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新陳代謝
捕食者
生態毒物學
繁殖
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孕卵數

卵發育
年龄/大小
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形態測量圖
型態特徵
仔魚
稚魚動力學
入添量
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參考文獻
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Otoliths
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眼睛色素

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網路資源

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | 檢查 FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: , | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: 基因組, 核甘 | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | 樹狀分類階層 | Wikipedia: , 搜尋 | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 動物學的記錄

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01585 (0.00982 - 0.02557), b=3.04 (2.91 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  4.0   ±0.66 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tmax=23; k=0.25).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 82.6 [36.9, 183.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.899 [0.433, 2.069] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [16.2, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.195 [0.099, 0.349] g/100g; Selenium = 53.7 [26.7, 122.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 45.4 [11.0, 184.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.22 [0.78, 1.97] mg/100g (wet weight);