Holacanthus passer, King angelfish : aquarium

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Holacanthus passer Valenciennes, 1846

King angelfish
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Holacanthus passer   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Acanthuriformes (Surgeonfishes) > Pomacanthidae (Angelfishes)
Etymology: Holacanthus: Greek, holos = full + Greek, akantha = thorn (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋 礁区鱼类; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 4 - 30 m (Ref. 5227). 熱帶; 28°N -

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Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru, including the Galapagos Islands.
東太平洋: 加州灣到祕魯, 包括加拉巴哥群島。

大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.6 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5592); common length : 15.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 55763)

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Diurnal grazer on sessile invertebrates and algae but specializes to a larger extent on sponges. Also feeds on plankton. Reproduction occurs in late summer. Females are more territorial and form pair bonds with the males. Oviparous (Ref. 240), monogamous (Ref. 52884). Sometimes forms mixed aggregations with Pomacanthus zonipectus (Ref. 9333). Cleaning behavior has been observed in juveniles.

在固着的无脊椎动物与藻类上的日行性吃草的动物但是在海绵上对较大的范围特殊化。 也吃浮游生物。 繁殖发生于夏末。 雌性更具有领域性而且用雄性形成结合的一对。 卵生的 (参考文献 240) ,一夫一妻的.(参考文献 52884) 有时形成把群集和 胸带刺盖鱼〔Pomacanthus zonipectus〕 混合在一起。 (参考文献 9333) 清洁行为已经在稚鱼被观察。

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

Spawn daily throughout the lunar cycle (Ref. 240). Protogyny has been proposed for this species awaiting confirmation (Ref. 103751). Monogamous mating is observed as both facultative and social (Ref. 52884).東太平洋: 加州灣到祕魯, 包括加拉巴哥群島。

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

Thomson, D.A., 1987. Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez. The rocky-shore fishes of the Gulf of California. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 302 p. (Ref. 5592)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

  最不相关 (LC) ; Date assessed: 08 October 2009

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

  无害处的





人类利用

水族馆: 商业性
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 22.9 - 29.1, mean 27 °C (based on 211 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5078   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02951 (0.01513 - 0.05755), b=2.91 (2.74 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278):  2.6   ±0.33 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 8.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
回复力 (Ref. 120179):  低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 44.8 [22.2, 76.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.524 [0.313, 0.874] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.9, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.0876 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 30.6 [16.1, 58.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 65 [15, 248] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.4 [1.0, 2.0] mg/100g (wet weight);