分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers)
笛鯛科 (Snappers) > Etelinae
Etymology: Etelis: Greek, etelis, -idos = a fish, perhaps the fish Sparus aurata (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 底中水層性; 深度上下限 90 - 400 m (Ref. 9821), usually 200 - 350 m (Ref. 82366). 熱帶; 34°N - 25°S, 35°E - 150°W (Ref. 55)
Indo-Pacific: East Africa to the Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Australia. Recorded in Three Kings Island, New Zealand (Ref. 35942). This name has been wrongly used for Etelis coruscans by some previous authors.
印度-太平洋: 東非到夏威夷群島而且從日本南部向南至澳洲。 這一個名稱曾經誤用於 長尾濱鯛〔Etelis coruscans〕 由一些先前的命名者。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 61.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 127 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2016); common length : 65.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大年齡: 32 年 (Ref. 92312)
背棘 (總數): 10; 背的軟條 (總數): 11; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. This species is distinguished by having the following characters: body relatively elongate, laterally compressed. Nostrils on each side of snout close together; lower jaw protruding slightly; premaxillae protrusible and maxilla extending to below middle of eye; both upper and lower jaws with conical teeth; 1 to several enlarged canines on each side of both jaws; vomer and palatines with teeth, those on vomer in a chevron-shaped patch; maxilla with scales,
but without longitudinal ridges. Interorbital region flattened; gill rakers of first gill arch 5-8 + 11-14 = 17-22 (including rudiments; dorsal fin continuous, but spinous portion of fin deeply incised at its junction with soft portion; last soft ray of both dorsal and anal fins produced, longer than next to last ray; caudal fin forked, the lobes relatively short (about 25-30% SL) compared with its congeners; pectoral fins fairly long (in specimens > 19 cm SL), length of pectoral fins about 80-90% of head length, with 15-17 rays; membranes of dorsal and anal fins without scales; tubed lateral-line scales 48-50. Colour: mainly pink to red, becoming white on lower sides and belly (Rfe. 9821).
眼間隔平坦的。 背鰭與臀鰭沒有鱗片。 鱗片列背面與側線平行。 色彩是主要粉紅色到紅色, 變成白色的下面側邊與腹面之上。
Adults inhabit rocky bottoms (Ref. 30573). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feed on fishes and larger invertebrates such as squids, shrimps and crabs; also takes planktonic organisms, including pelagic urochordates. An important food fish in some areas. Marketed fresh or frozen (Ref. 55).
棲息於岩石底部。 (參考文獻 30573) 吃魚與較大的無脊椎動物例如烏賊，蝦與螃蟹; 也吃浮游生物,包括大洋性的海鞘類。 在一些地區的一個重要的食用魚。 生鮮或冷凍地在市場上銷售。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 東非到夏威夷群島而且從日本南部向南至澳洲。 這一個名稱曾經誤用於 長尾濱鯛〔Etelis coruscans〕 由一些先前的命名者。
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.3 - 23.1, mean 18 °C (based on 290 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.01250 - 0.01919), b=2.95 (2.89 - 3.01), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.8 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (K=0.07-0.31; tmax=35).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 44.5 [17.0, 103.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.766 [0.383, 1.419] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.252 [0.142, 0.453] g/100g; Selenium = 106 [54, 230] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.6 [7.7, 86.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.629 [0.408, 0.953] mg/100g (wet weight);
