分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 2 - 30 m (Ref. 9710). 熱帶; 32°N - 27°S, 86°W - 32°W (Ref. 5222)
Western Atlantic: Bermuda, south Florida (USA), Gulf of Mexico, the Bahamas, Cuba, West Indies, Panama, Venezuela, and southward to the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Alphestes afer has recently been re-discovered at São Tomé in the Gulf of Guinea of the Eastern Atlantic.
西大西洋: 百慕達群島，佛羅里達南方部 (美國) ，巴哈馬，古巴，西印度群島，巴拿馬，委內瑞拉, 而且向南至聖保羅巴西的狀態。 史密斯 (參考文獻 6572) synonymized 東太平洋種 Alphestes galapagensis Fowler ， Alphestes fasciatus Hildebrand 與 繁殖的 Alphestes immaculatus 具有 Alphestes afer. 東太平洋: 加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 5227)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 18.0, range 18 - 18.4 cm
Max length : 33.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5222)
背棘 (总数): 11; 背的软条 (总数): 17-20; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 9 - 10. Diagnosis: Body depth is slightly less than head length, depth contained 2.4-3.1 (2.9) in standard length; caudal peduncle depth 7.0-9.0 (8.5) times in SL; eye diameter greater than or equal to snout length and 8.1-15.0 (13) times in SL; snout length 10.1-16.0 (16.0) times in SL; preopercle rounded, posterior edge serrate, with a large antrorse spine at the angle directed downward and forward and usually covered with skin. Gill rakers 5-8 (7) on upper limb, 14-17 (16) on lower limb, 19-25 (23) total, including rudiments. Dorsal fin with XI spines and 17 to 20 (18) soft rays, anal fin with III spines and 9, rarely 10 (10) soft rays; pectoral fins with 16 - 18 (17) rays; caudal fin rounded, with 15 branched rays. Scales are smooth. Lateral-line scales 49-66; lateral scale series 68 – 88 (76). Color in life; head, body, and median fins olivaceous or light brown, irregularly blotched and barred with dark brown. Some individuals are densely spotted with orange; head, body, and all fins often with scattered white spots; body sometimes covered with scattered small black dots; pectoral fins may be orange or yellow with faint dark reticulations (Ref. 57865); Color in market: almost similar to color in life but general body color may fade to a pale drab cream, also spots and reticulations may fade (Ref. 89707).
以角的较下面的部位前鳃盖骨有一根强的向前及向上的 (朝向前面的) 棘; 鳃盖有 3根平坦的棘，中央一最大的。 胸鳍较长超过腹鳍。 软背鳍与臀鳍的基底覆盖着鳞片与厚的皮肤了。 背鳍与臀鳍高的, 尤其软棘的部位。
A solitary species (Ref. 26340) occurring in seagrass habitats. Sedentary during the day, hiding in crevices or lying among seaweed, sometimes partly covering itself with sand while lying on its side. Nocturnal feeders of benthic crustaceans. Estimated eggs per fish is from 157512 to 223706 (Ref. 29). Small, colorful group; a sequential hermaphrodite (Ref. 26938). Has been traded as an aquarium fish at Ceará, Brazil (Ref. 49392).
出现在海草栖息地的一种独居性种 (参考文献 26340)。 定栖的在白天期间, 藏在裂隙中或躺在海草中, 有时部分用沙子覆盖自己然而侧躺。 底栖甲壳动物的夜行捕食者。 被估计的每鱼卵是从 157512 到 223706.(参考文献 29) 小又色彩鲜艳的群; 一个继续的雌雄同体.(参考文献 26938) 曾经在巴西的塞阿腊作为一个水族馆鱼交易.(参考文献 49392)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Protogyny is unconfirmed for this species (Ref. 103751).西大西洋: 百慕達群島，佛羅里達南方部 (美國) ，巴哈馬，古巴，西印度群島，巴拿馬，委內瑞拉, 而且向南至聖保羅巴西的狀態。 史密斯 (參考文獻 6572) synonymized 東太平洋種 Alphestes galapagensis Fowler ， Alphestes fasciatus Hildebrand 與 繁殖的 Alphestes immaculatus 具有 Alphestes afer. 東太平洋: 加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 5227)
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.6 - 28.1, mean 27.5 °C (based on 668 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00260 - 0.00768), b=2.87 (2.73 - 3.01), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Fec=150,000-220,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 47.5 [29.1, 84.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.557 [0.308, 0.928] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.7, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.143 [0.097, 0.216] g/100g; Selenium = 27.2 [17.3, 47.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 106 [38, 322] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.22 [0.86, 1.71] mg/100g (wet weight);
