分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 12 - 65 m (Ref. 4438). 熱帶; 37°N - 36°S, 18°W - 35°E
Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea: Central to South Eastern Atlantic: Morocco, Mauritania to Congo (Ref. 33465) to Natal, South Africa (Ref. 5578); Mediterranean Sea: the records are patchy along the northern coast of Africa, and in Aegean Sea and Levantine Basin, most likely due to misidentification with other Dasyatidae spp. (Ref. 122045 and others cited).
東大西洋與地中海: 摩洛哥，茅利塔尼亞到剛果.(參考文獻 33465) 範圍延伸到南非的納塔爾。 (參考文獻 5578)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 74.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 123700)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 0. Conspicuous bright blue blotches and branching lines on a golden brown disc; snout and disc angular, and tail less than twice body length with a short upper caudal finfold, and a longer lower one falling far in front of tail tip; disc without thorns; usually one sting (Ref. 5578). Underside white, tail darker and without bands (Ref. 5578).
在一个金褐色体盘上的显着的淡蓝色斑块与分枝的线; 吻与体盘有角的, 与尾部小于两倍，体长在尾部顶端之前遥远地具有一个短的上尾部的鳍褶 , 与一个更长的低一个落下; 体盘没有刺; 通常一个刺.(参考文献 5578) 腹面白色的, 尾部比较深色的而且没有条纹.(参考文献 5578)
Close inshore, found on sandy beaches and in shallow bays (Ref. 5578), sometimes near rocky reefs (Ref. 12951). Found in deeper offshore areas during the winter season (Ref. 12951). Feeds on crabs, mantis shrimps, amphipods, worms, and fishes (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Minimum depth reported from Ref. 4438. Disc width measures 30 cm. Its thorny, venomous hooks can cause painful injuries (Ref. 5377).
近岸, 发现于沙滩了与在浅湾 (参考文献 5578) 中, 有时邻近岩礁.(参考文献 12951) 在冬季期间发现于比较深的外海区域了。 (参考文献 12951) 吃螃蟹，螳螂虾，片脚类动物，蠕虫与鱼。 (参考文献 12951) 卵胎生的.(参考文献 50449) 最小深度记录自了参考文献 4438. 体盘宽度有 30 公分长。 它的多刺又有毒钩能引起令人痛苦的伤害。 (参考文献 5377)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). With 1 to 4 in a litter (Ref. 12951). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).東大西洋與地中海: 摩洛哥，茅利塔尼亞到剛果.(參考文獻 33465) 範圍延伸到南非的納塔爾。 (參考文獻 5578)
Cowley, P.D. and L.J.V. Compagno, 1993. A taxonomic re-evaluation of the blue stingray from southern Africa (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae). S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 13:135-149. (Ref. 33465)
人类利用
渔业: 没有兴趣; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.6 - 28.1, mean 26.3 °C (based on 164 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00265 - 0.01571), b=3.06 (2.86 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Fec=1-4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
