分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Issue
Junior synonym Tor mosal is considered valid by Pinder et al., 2019 (Ref. 123468:428).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 7.4 - 8.0; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - ? m (Ref. 56197), usually 0 - 1 m (Ref. 56197). 亞熱帶的; 13°C - 30°C (Ref. 40948); 34°N - 20°N
Asia: Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh (Ref. 4832), Bhutan (Ref. 9418) and Mynmar (Ref. 57739).
亞洲: 阿富汗，巴基斯坦，印度，尼泊爾，孟加拉 (參考文獻 4832) ，不丹 (參考文獻 9418) 與 Mynmar.(參考文獻 57739)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 33 - ? cm
Max length : 275 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6695); common length : 183 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6694); 最大體重: 54.0 kg (Ref. 1479)
背棘 (總數): 4; 背的軟條 (總數): 8; 臀棘 2; 臀鰭軟條: 5
Inhabit streams, riverine pools and lakes. Found in rapid streams with rocky bottom (Ref. 41236). Omnivorous, feeding on fish, zooplankton, dipteran larvae and plant matter (Ref. 40948). Juveniles subsist on plankton while fingerlings feed mainly on algae (Ref. 40948). Ascend streams to breed over gravel and stones and returns to perennial ponds after breeding. The most common Himalayan mahseer and a very attractive sport fish, with excellent food value. Specimens over 30 cm and 5 kg in weight are rarely caught in recent times (Ref. 41236). Threatened due to over harvesting and habitat loss (Ref. 58490).
棲息於溪流，河的水池與湖。 發現於迅速的具有岩石底部的溪流.。 (參考文獻 41236) 雜食性, 吃魚，浮游動物，雙翅類昆蟲的幼生與植物。 (參考文獻 40948) 當魚苗主要吃藻類的時候，稚魚捕食浮游生物。 (參考文獻 40948) 上溯到溪流到繁殖礫石之上與石頭而且回到繁殖後的不斷的池塘。 最普遍的喜瑪拉雅的 mahseer 與一個非常吸引人的垂釣用魚, 與優良的食用價值。 超過 30 的標本公分與 5 公斤重是在很少地捕獲的近期.(參考文獻 41236) 受威脅的捕穫之上由於與棲息地損失.(參考文獻 58490)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Migrate from the lower to the middle reaches of streams or rivers to spawn (Ref. 40949). Spawning takes place during low phase of flood (Ref. 56197). Fry are found among stones in marginal areas of the stream (Ref. 56197).亞洲: 阿富汗，巴基斯坦，印度，尼泊爾，孟加拉 (參考文獻 4832) ，不丹 (參考文獻 9418) 與 Mynmar.(參考文獻 57739)
Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. vol 1. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. i-liv + 1-541, 1 map (Ref. 4832)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
瀕危 (EN) (A2abcd); Date assessed: 05 August 2018
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00727 - 0.01043), b=2.99 (2.94 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.38 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 15.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tm=1.5; K=0.07; Fec=26,998).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (82 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 69.7 [16.3, 159.7] mg/100g; Iron = 1 [0, 3] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [15.9, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.514 [0.223, 1.171] g/100g; Selenium = 55.5 [22.8, 134.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.4 [5.2, 40.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.17 [0.53, 1.99] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
