分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的. 熱帶; 11°N - 8°S, 77°W - 34°W
South America: Gulf of Paria to Pernambuco, Brazil.
南美洲: 到亞馬遜河河口的 Paria 的灣。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 97.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 30.0 kg (Ref. 5217); 最大年齡: 5 年 (Ref. 51994)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數): 1. The head is rounded and flattened on the upper part. The mouth is slightly inferior. It has 3 pairs of barbels (1 pair of maxillary barbels and 2 pairs of mandibular barbels. The cephalic surface is very rough (Ref. 35381).
頭部是圓形的而且在上半部上平的。 嘴巴些微下方。 它有三對觸鬚 (1對上頜骨觸鬚與 2 對顎的觸鬚。 頭部的表面非常粗糙。 (參考文獻 35381)
Confined chiefly to turbid waters in estuaries and the lower parts of rivers. Its delicate flesh is highly valued (Ref. 27188). Two annual cycles of slower growth are know during the two dry seasons (March and August to November). Probably has a short life span. In the beginning of reproduction, the male's mouth changes to function as a egg repository (buccal incubation). The female lays down her eggs in a sandy depression, then after fertilization, the male puts the eggs into its mouth which is provided with ventilation until hatching. Eggs diameter is about 2 mm and its number varies from 100 to 165 per female. Feeds mainly on crustaceans (Ref. 35381). Marketed fresh and salted.
主要地對在河的河口與下面部份中的混濁水域限制了。 它的鮮美的肉高度地被評價。 (參考文獻 27188) 緩慢生長的一年兩次的週期在兩者乾季 (三月與八月到十一月) 的時候已知是。 可能有一個短的壽命。 在繁殖的起點中，雄魚的嘴變成功能作為一個卵容器 (口的孵育). 母魚在一個沙地凹窪中產下她的卵, 然後在受精之後, 雄魚把卵放入它的嘴是以通風提供直到孵化。 卵徑是大約 2 mm ，而且它的數字每母魚從 100 改變到 165 。 主要吃甲殼動物。 (參考文獻 35381) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了與鹽醃的。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Distinct pairing. Mouth brooding may be employed (Ref. 205).南美洲: 到亞馬遜河河口的 Paria 的灣。
Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992. Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
更多資訊
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00445 - 0.01179), b=3.14 (3.00 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K = 0.45; tmax = 5).
Prior r = 0.56, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.84, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 107 [59, 230] mg/100g; Iron = 1.07 [0.66, 1.81] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [15.6, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.166 [0.093, 0.303] g/100g; Selenium = 77.1 [39.1, 154.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.43 [3.64, 19.18] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.966 [0.654, 1.447] mg/100g (wet weight);
