Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
; eau douce; saumâtre démersal. Tropical; 11°N - 8°S, 77°W - 34°W
South America: Gulf of Paria to Pernambuco, Brazil.
Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 97.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 5217); common length : 50.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 5217); poids max. publié: 30.0 kg (Ref. 5217); âge max. reporté: 5 années (Ref. 51994)
Description synthétique
Morphologie | Morphométrie
Épines dorsales (Total): 1. The head is rounded and flattened on the upper part. The mouth is slightly inferior. It has 3 pairs of barbels (1 pair of maxillary barbels and 2 pairs of mandibular barbels. The cephalic surface is very rough (Ref. 35381).
Confined chiefly to turbid waters in estuaries and the lower parts of rivers. Its delicate flesh is highly valued (Ref. 27188). Two annual cycles of slower growth are know during the two dry seasons (March and August to November). Probably has a short life span. In the beginning of reproduction, the male's mouth changes to function as a egg repository (buccal incubation). The female lays down her eggs in a sandy depression, then after fertilization, the male puts the eggs into its mouth which is provided with ventilation until hatching. Eggs diameter is about 2 mm and its number varies from 100 to 165 per female. Feeds mainly on crustaceans (Ref. 35381). Marketed fresh and salted.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Distinct pairing. Mouth brooding may be employed (Ref. 205).
Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992. Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Menace pour l'homme
Traumatogenic (Ref. 58010)
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: commercial
Plus d'informations
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Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00445 - 0.01179), b=3.14 (3.00 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Milieu, temps minimum de doublement de population : 1,4 à 4,4 années (K = 0.45; tmax = 5).
Prior r = 0.56, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.84, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 107 [59, 230] mg/100g; Iron = 1.07 [0.66, 1.81] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [15.6, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.166 [0.093, 0.303] g/100g; Selenium = 77.1 [39.1, 154.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.43 [3.64, 19.18] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.966 [0.654, 1.447] mg/100g (wet weight);
