分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes)
魨形目 (Puffers and filefishes) >
Balistidae (Triggerfishes)
鱗魨科 (Triggerfishes)
Etymology: Melichthys: Greek, melas, melaina, melan, black + icthys yos, fish. On the other hand, in Smith et al.,1986: 878), 'body dark brown to black' in https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/266635#page/902/mode/1up.(P. Romero, pers.comm. 03/2022)..
More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 0 - 75 m (Ref. 9710), usually 0 - 20 m (Ref. 40849). 亞熱帶的; 30°N - 29°S, 180°W - 180°E
Circumglobal. Uncommon in most areas but abundant around isolated oceanic islands (Ref. 9710).
Circumtropical。 西太平洋: 琉球與小笠原群島向東至 Tuamoto 島。 東太平洋: 聖地牙哥, 到 Malpelo 島，哥倫比亞的美國加州.(參考文獻 9276) 西大西洋: 美國的佛羅里達與巴哈馬到巴西.(參考文獻 7251) 不存在於墨西哥灣。 (參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 聖保羅岩礁 (13121) ，聖赫勒拿島，阿森松島， Rolas 島與維德角.(參考文獻 7348) 聖多美島.(參考文獻 34088) 西印度洋: 德爾班，南非的納塔爾.(參考文獻 4420) 罕見在大多數的區域中但是豐富的孤立大洋性島嶼的周圍.(參考文獻 9710)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3272)
背棘 (總數): 3; 背的軟條 (總數): 30-34; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 28 - 30. This species is distinguished by the following characters: a deep groove in front of eye; 20-25 head scale rows from corner of mouth to lower end of gill opening; 57-66 body scale rows from upper end of gill opening to caudal fin base; presence of prominent longitudinal ridges following scale rows of posterior body; slightly rounded to double emarginate caudal fin; a thin white bar neat posterior margin of the caudal fin; black spots on scales forming lines (Ref. 90102).
一隻黑的黑綠色的鱗魨有帶紫色的弦外之音。 藍灰色線沿著軟背鰭與臀鰭的基底。 身體的後面部份的鱗片讓突出的龍骨脊形成縱向的脊。 (參考文獻 26938)
Inhabit clear seaward reefs. More common around oceanic islands (Ref. 9276). Found on inner and outer reef crests, usually near the slope or drop-off to deeper water, where in small but loose aggregations. Sometimes swim high above substrate feeding on zooplankton (Ref. 48637). May also be solitary (Ref. 90102). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Diet consists primarily of calcareous algae and zooplankton (Ref. 1602); also feed on phytoplankton (Ref. 5213). At Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, southeast Atlantic, groups of about 100 individuals join groups of spinner dolphins to feed on feces and vomits of the cetaceans when they congregate in a shallow bay for rest and social interactions. The postures a dolphin adopts prior to defecating or vomiting are recognized, and the fish begin to converge to the dolphin shortly before the actual voiding. Offal feeding may be regarded as a simple behavioral shift from plankton feeding to drifting offal picking (Ref. 48727). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9770). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
棲息於清澈的臨海礁石。 更普遍大洋性島嶼的周圍.(參考文獻 9276) 食物主要地石灰質藻類與浮游動物組成;(參考文獻 1602) 也吃浮游植物。 (參考文獻 5213) 在 Fernando de Noronha 列島，東南大西洋，大約 100個個體的群體結合群體的飛旋海豚覓食殘渣與鯨類的吐出物當
他們對於休息與社會的交互作用在一個水淺的海灣中聚集。 姿勢一隻海豚在除去污物之前採取，否則嘔吐被辨認出, 與魚開始在真實的空虛前不久聚集到海豚。 碎肉進食可能是從浮游生物進食到漂流碎肉採集視為單一的行為變化。 (參考文獻 48727) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。 (參考文獻 9770)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).Circumtropical。 西太平洋: 琉球與小笠原群島向東至 Tuamoto 島。 東太平洋: 聖地牙哥, 到 Malpelo 島，哥倫比亞的美國加州.(參考文獻 9276) 西大西洋: 美國的佛羅里達與巴哈馬到巴西.(參考文獻 7251) 不存在於墨西哥灣。 (參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 聖保羅岩礁 (13121) ，聖赫勒拿島，阿森松島， Rolas 島與維德角.(參考文獻 7348) 聖多美島.(參考文獻 34088) 西印度洋: 德爾班，南非的納塔爾.(參考文獻 4420) 罕見在大多數的區域中但是豐富的孤立大洋性島嶼的周圍.(參考文獻 9710)
Matsuura, K., 2001. Balistidae. Triggerfishes. p. 3911-3928. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9770)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.4 - 28.9, mean 27.4 °C (based on 1548 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02570 (0.01232 - 0.05364), b=2.94 (2.77 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 22.1 [8.5, 59.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.571 [0.293, 1.352] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.5, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.15 [0.08, 0.31] g/100g; Selenium = 21 [9, 49] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24 [5, 107] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.775 [0.488, 1.276] mg/100g (wet weight);
