Larimichthys polyactis, Yellow croaker : fisheries, aquarium

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Larimichthys polyactis (Bleeker, 1877)

Yellow croaker
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Larimichthys polyactis   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Larimichthys polyactis (Yellow croaker)
Larimichthys polyactis
Picture by Yau, B.

China territory information

Common names: Xiǎo huáng guā, Xiǎo huáng yú, Xiǎo xiān
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: highly commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Two migratory groups identified: the Yellow Sea and Bohai group which overwintered near waters of 36°N, 123°E in winter, then migrated for spawning to Bohai gulfs, Haiyang Islandm Yalv estuary and Haizhou Gulf, after which they feed in the middle of Bohai Sea (August - October) , then migrated again across the Chengshantou towards the wintering gound in the Yellow Sea again. The other one is the Yellow Sea and East China Sea (ECS) group, its wintering ground, influenced by warm currents, located at west of Juje, as well as mid and mid-southern of ECS (Ref. 82832). Also Ref. 117610.
National Checklist:
Territory Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Verrugato de Manchuria, Ki-guchi, 참조기, ... more

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
More on author: Bleeker.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; benthopelagic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range ? - 120 m (Ref. 11230). Subtropical; 41°N - 22°N, 117°E - 141°E (Ref. 54561)

Distribution Territories | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Northwest Pacific: Yellow and East China seas.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm 18.1  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 559); max. published weight: 189.80 g (Ref. 124479); max. reported age: 23 years

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 10 - 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 31 - 36; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 9 - 10; Vertebrae: 28 - 30. Body gold when fresh. Soft-rayed portions of dorsal and anal fins mostly covered with scales. Posterior part of pectoral fin not black. Anal soft rays usually 9 (Ref. 41299).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Found in the sublittoral zone above 120 m in sandy mud bottoms (Ref. 11230). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Trewavas, E., 1977. The sciaenid fishes (croakers or drums) of the Indo-west Pacific. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 33:253-541. (Ref. 5369)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 30 June 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: highly commercial; aquarium: commercial
FAO - Fisheries: landings, species profile; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Food rations
Predators
Ecology
Ecology
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Distribution
Territories
FAO areas
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Occurrences
Introductions
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
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Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
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Visual pigments
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Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
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Genetics
Heterozygosity
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Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
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Taxonomy
Common names
Synonyms
Morphology
Morphometrics
Pictures
References
References

Tools

E-book | Field guide | Length-frequency wizard | Life-history tool | Point map | Catch-MSY |

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Fisheries: landings, species profile; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | National databases | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | RFE Identification | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 9.4 - 24.2, mean 16.7 °C (based on 107 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.6250   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00820 - 0.00968), b=3.07 (3.05 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.7   ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.0 (2.2 - 6.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10 growth studies.
Resilience (Ref. 120179):  Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tmax=23; K=0.1-0.7).
Prior r = 0.70, 95% CL = 0.46 - 1.05, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100). 🛈
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100). 🛈
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 64.2 [35.8, 124.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.932 [0.475, 1.651] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.6, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.345 [0.178, 0.576] g/100g; Selenium = 29.6 [16.1, 59.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.4 [9.3, 99.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.742 [0.538, 1.065] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.